Marten K, Psarakos S
Earthtrust, Kailua, Hawaii 96734, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 1995 Jun;4(2):205-24. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1995.1026.
In mirror mark tests dolphins twist, posture, and engage in open-mouth and head movements, often repetitive. Because postures and an open mouth are also dolphin social behaviors, we used self-view television as a manipulatable mirror to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior. Two dolphins were exposed to alternating real-time self-view ("mirror mode") and playback of the same to determine if they distinguished between them. The adult male engaged in elaborate open-mouth behaviors in mirror mode, but usually just watched when played back the same material. Mirror mode behavior was also compared to interacting with real dolphins (controls). Mark tests were conducted, as well as switches from front to side self-views to see if the dolphins turned. They presented marked areas to the self-view television and turned. The results suggest self-examination over social behavior.
在镜像标记测试中，海豚会扭动身体、摆姿势，并进行张嘴和头部运动，且常常重复。由于姿势和张嘴也是海豚的社交行为，我们使用可操控的自视电视作为镜子，以区分自我检查和社交行为。让两只海豚交替接触实时自视（“镜像模式”）以及相同内容的回放，以确定它们能否区分两者。成年雄性海豚在镜像模式下会做出复杂的张嘴行为，但回放相同内容时通常只是观看。还将镜像模式下的行为与和真实海豚互动（对照组）进行了比较。进行了标记测试，以及从正面自视切换到侧面自视，看海豚是否会转身。它们将标记部位朝向自视电视并转身。结果表明是自我检查而非社交行为。
