Cancer Research UK, Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
Br J Health Psychol. 2012 Feb;17(1):171-84. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02031.x. Epub 2011 May 26.
A recent theory of motivation (PRIME theory) has proposed that the formation of a 'non-smoker' identity is necessary for long-term abstinence. This study aimed to explore how a smoker's sense of identity changes following smoking cessation.
This was a qualitative, semi-structured interview study with a purposive sample of individuals who had quit smoking. An interpretative phenomenological approach was taken to elicit in-depth accounts of the participants' understanding of smoking, stopping, and maintaining abstinence.
Ten participants who quit smoking with the support of a National Health Service (NHS) stop-smoking service in England and were still abstinent a year later were interviewed. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted. Prospective contextual detail of motivational and other variables pre-quit were also obtained from the clinic assessment form that participants completed at the first group session.
A process of identity change was observed towards that of a 'non-smoker', assisted initially by a transient identity of 'team stop-smoker' accompanied by a sense of achievement. All participants retained a residual attraction to smoking suggesting that the process was not complete and reflecting an 'ex-smoker' identity. Participants labelled themselves as non-smokers regardless of how much transition had occurred.
It appears useful to distinguish two levels of 'non-smoker' identity: a surface level comprising the simple label and a deep level made up of often conflicting thoughts and feelings about oneself in relation to smoking. A total coherent 'non-smoker' identity does not appear to be necessary for long-term abstinence.
最近的动机理论（PRIME 理论）提出，形成“非吸烟者”身份对于长期戒烟至关重要。本研究旨在探讨吸烟者在戒烟后其身份认同感如何发生变化。
这是一项定性、半结构式访谈研究，研究对象为在英国国民保健署（NHS）戒烟服务的支持下成功戒烟并在一年后仍保持不吸烟的个体。采用解释现象学方法深入了解参与者对吸烟、戒烟和维持戒断的理解。
共对 10 名参与者进行了访谈，他们都在英格兰的国民保健署戒烟服务的支持下成功戒烟，且一年后仍保持不吸烟。对访谈记录进行了解释现象学分析。还从参与者在首次小组会议上完成的诊所评估表中获取了戒烟前的动机和其他变量的前瞻性背景细节。
观察到一种身份认同感的转变，向“非吸烟者”转变，最初由短暂的“戒烟团队”身份认同感伴随着成就感辅助。所有参与者仍然对吸烟有一定的吸引力，这表明这个过程尚未完成，反映了一种“前吸烟者”的身份认同感。参与者无论转变程度如何，都自称为非吸烟者。
区分“非吸烟者”身份的两个层面似乎很有用：一个是简单标签组成的表面层面，另一个是由与吸烟有关的经常相互冲突的想法和感受组成的深层层面。一个完全一致的“非吸烟者”身份认同感似乎不是长期戒烟的必要条件。
