Freeman A, Newman J, Hemingway-Foday J, Iriondo-Perez J, Stolka K, Akam W, Balimba A, Kalenga L, Mbaya M, Mfangam Molu B, Mukumbi H, Niyongabo T, Woelk G, Kiumbu M, Atibu J
Statistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
AIDS Care. 2012;24(6):673-9. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2011.630364. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
Globally, women comprise half of all people living with HIV, but in sub-Saharan Africa, women are disproportionately affected. Data were obtained from 8419 HIV-infected women at enrollment into 10 HIV treatment programs in Cameroon, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of the Central Africa region of the International Epidemiological Database to Evaluate AIDS. We used chi-squared tests to determine if distributions between women with children differed from those without children, in regards to socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression was used to determine if motherhood was associated with medication adherence. Of 8419 women, 81.7% had living children. The majority entered care through voluntary testing, and very few entered care through prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. Women with children were older and more likely to be widowed, more likely to have no formal education and less likely to have attended university than those without children (p<0.05). Women without children were more likely to live in a home with electricity and potable water (p<0.05). There was no difference in adherence between these groups. However, women older than 50 years, those who reported no drug, tobacco, or alcohol use, and those with higher levels of formal education were more likely to report adherence along with those who had been on treatment for more than two years (p<0.05). As women account for a substantial proportion of HIV cases in sub-Saharan Africa, a broader understanding of their characteristics will inform testing, treatment, and support services. Though we did not find differences in adherence between women with children and those without children, we were able to identify other characteristics that may affect adherence. Further inquiry into the nuances of women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is necessary to further understand their needs.
在全球范围内，感染艾滋病毒的人群中女性占一半，但在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，女性受影响的比例过高。数据来自喀麦隆、布隆迪和刚果民主共和国的10个艾滋病毒治疗项目中登记的8419名感染艾滋病毒的女性，这些项目是国际评估艾滋病流行病学数据库中非地区的一部分。我们使用卡方检验来确定有子女的女性与无子女的女性在社会人口统计学、行为和临床特征方面的分布是否存在差异。使用逻辑回归来确定母亲身份与药物依从性是否相关。在8419名女性中，81.7%有在世子女。大多数人通过自愿检测进入护理，很少有人通过预防母婴传播项目进入护理。有子女的女性比无子女的女性年龄更大，更有可能丧偶，更有可能没有接受过正规教育，上大学的可能性更小（p<0.05）。无子女的女性更有可能生活在有电力和饮用水的家庭中（p<0.05）。这些组之间的依从性没有差异。然而，50岁以上的女性、报告不使用毒品、烟草或酒精的女性、接受过较高水平正规教育的女性以及接受治疗超过两年的女性更有可能报告依从性（p<0.05）。由于在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，女性在艾滋病毒病例中占很大比例，对她们的特征有更广泛的了解将为检测、治疗和支持服务提供信息。尽管我们没有发现有子女的女性和无子女的女性在依从性方面存在差异，但我们能够识别出其他可能影响依从性的特征。有必要进一步探究撒哈拉以南非洲感染艾滋病毒女性的细微差别，以进一步了解她们的需求。
