Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112-2737, USA.
Demography. 2012 Feb;49(1):239-65. doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0072-x.
Research on the relationship between migration and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa often suggests that migrants are at higher risk of HIV infection because they are more likely to engage in HIV risk behaviors than nonmigrants, and they tend to move to areas with a relatively higher HIV prevalence. Although migration may be a risk factor for HIV infection, I instead focus on the possibility that the HIV positive are more likely to migrate. Using a longitudinal data set of permanent rural residents and migrants from Malawi, I find that migrants originating from rural areas are indeed more likely than nonmigrants to be HIV positive and to have engaged in HIV risk behaviors. The increased HIV risk among migrants may be due to the selection of HIV-positive individuals into migration; I find that HIV-positive individuals are more likely to migrate than those who are HIV negative. The explanation for this phenomenon appears to be marital instability, which occurs more frequently among HIV-positive individuals and leads to migration after marital change.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区有关移民与 HIV 感染之间关系的研究表明，移民感染 HIV 的风险较高，因为他们比非移民更有可能从事 HIV 高危行为，而且他们往往会迁移到 HIV 感染率相对较高的地区。虽然移民可能是 HIV 感染的一个风险因素，但我关注的是 HIV 阳性者更有可能迁移的可能性。我使用马拉维农村常住居民和移民的纵向数据集发现，来自农村地区的移民确实比非移民更有可能 HIV 阳性，并且更有可能从事 HIV 高危行为。移民中 HIV 风险增加的原因可能是 HIV 阳性者选择迁移；我发现 HIV 阳性者比 HIV 阴性者更有可能迁移。这种现象的解释似乎是婚姻不稳定，HIV 阳性者中这种情况更为常见，而且在婚姻发生变化后会导致迁移。
