Bizek K S, Oermann M H
Nursing Education Department, Harper Hospital, Detroit, MI.
Heart Lung. 1990 Sep;19(5 Pt 1):439-44.
Experienced critical care staff nurses are frequently called to serve as clinical preceptors for nurses and nursing students who are unfamiliar with the critical care unit. These critical care nurse preceptors require educational preparation, continuing education, and support for their role. This descriptive correlational study surveyed 73 critical care nurse preceptors at 10 teaching hospitals in a metropolitan area in the Midwest. Forty-eight (65.8%) participants reported receiving some type of educational experience to prepare them for the role of preceptor. Only 24.7% of the respondents, however, participated in continuing education experiences related to the preceptor role. Job satisfaction was measured with a 48-item Likert scale developed for nurses by Slavitt et al. No significant differences in job satisfaction were reported for preceptors who received educational preparation and those who did not. However, the type of unit in which the preceptor worked did affect job satisfaction. Critical care preceptors in units classified as intermediate care and emergency departments had greater levels of job satisfaction than nurses working in intensive care units (t[68] = 2.52, p = 0.01). In addition, the longer the preceptor worked in critical care, the lower the level of job satisfaction (r = -0.210, p = 0.04). Job satisfaction was also influenced by the support preceptors received from their institution; a significant positive correlation was seen between this support and the level of job satisfaction. A description of the format and content of preparation programs for critical care preceptors was also provided as a result of this study.
经验丰富的重症监护病房护士经常被要求担任临床带教老师，指导那些不熟悉重症监护病房的护士和护生。这些重症监护病房护士带教老师需要接受教育准备、继续教育，并在其岗位上获得支持。这项描述性相关性研究对中西部一个大都市地区10家教学医院的73名重症监护病房护士带教老师进行了调查。48名（65.8%）参与者报告接受过某种类型的教育经历，为其担任带教老师的角色做准备。然而，只有24.7%的受访者参加了与带教老师角色相关的继续教育经历。工作满意度采用斯拉维特等人专为护士开发的48项李克特量表进行测量。报告显示，接受过教育准备的带教老师和未接受过教育准备的带教老师在工作满意度上没有显著差异。然而，带教老师所在的科室类型确实会影响工作满意度。被归类为中级护理和急诊科的科室中的重症监护病房带教老师的工作满意度水平高于重症监护病房的护士（t[68]=2.52，p=0.01）。此外，带教老师在重症监护病房工作的时间越长，工作满意度水平越低（r=-0.210，p=0.04）。工作满意度还受到带教老师从所在机构获得的支持的影响；这种支持与工作满意度水平之间存在显著的正相关。作为这项研究的结果，还提供了一份关于重症监护病房带教老师培训项目的形式和内容的描述。
