Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
Enzyme Microb Technol. 2011 Sep 10;49(4):326-46. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.023. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
The immobilization of proteins (mostly typically enzymes) onto solid supports is mature technology and has been used successfully to enhance biocatalytic processes in a wide range of industrial applications. However, continued developments in immobilization technology have led to more sophisticated and specialized applications of the process. A combination of targeted chemistries, for both the support and the protein, sometimes in combination with additional chemical and/or genetic engineering, has led to the development of methods for the modification of protein functional properties, for enhancing protein stability and for the recovery of specific proteins from complex mixtures. In particular, the development of effective methods for immobilizing large multi-subunit proteins with multiple covalent linkages (multi-point immobilization) has been effective in stabilizing proteins where subunit dissociation is the initial step in enzyme inactivation. In some instances, multiple benefits are achievable in a single process. Here we comprehensively review the literature pertaining to immobilization and chemical modification of different enzyme classes from thermophiles, with emphasis on the chemistries involved and their implications for modification of the enzyme functional properties. We also highlight the potential for synergies in the combined use of immobilization and other chemical modifications.
蛋白质（大多是酶）固定在固体载体上是一项成熟的技术，并已成功应用于提高各种工业应用中的生物催化过程。然而，固定化技术的不断发展导致了该过程更复杂和专业化的应用。针对载体和蛋白质的靶向化学物质的组合，有时与其他化学和/或遗传工程结合，已经开发出用于修饰蛋白质功能特性、增强蛋白质稳定性以及从复杂混合物中回收特定蛋白质的方法。特别是，用于固定具有多个共价键（多点固定化）的大型多亚基蛋白质的有效方法已在稳定蛋白质方面取得了成效，其中亚基解离是酶失活的初始步骤。在某些情况下，单一过程中可以实现多种收益。在这里，我们全面回顾了与嗜热菌中不同酶类的固定化和化学修饰相关的文献，重点介绍了所涉及的化学物质及其对酶功能特性修饰的影响。我们还强调了固定化和其他化学修饰联合使用的协同潜力。
