a School of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , 2052 , Australia.
Biofouling. 1996;10(1-3):251-9. doi: 10.1080/08927019609386284.
Two questions of relevance to the establishment of marine biofouling communities were addressed, viz (1) what is the frequency with which bacterial strains isolated from living and inanimate surfaces in the marine environment show inhibitory activity against the settlement of common fouling organisms, and (2) is the antifouling bacterium, D2, an inhabitant of different marine waters, and how unique is this bacterium, in its mode of action against different target organisms? With respect to the first question, ninety three marine bacteria isolated from various rock surfaces from the marine environment were tested against larvae of Balanus amphitrite and spores of Ulva lactuca. Settlement assays against the diatom Amphora sp. were also performed on 10 of these strains. Nine bacterial isolates were shown to be inhibitory against larval settlement and eight of these strains were also inhibitory against algal spores. Altogether 16 strains were inhibitory against the settlement of algal spores while none of the bacterial strains inhibited diatom settlement. With respect to the second question, D2, a dark green pigmented bacterium, isolated from an adult tunicate off the Swedish west coast, has been found to be a very effective inhibitor against common fouling organisms. In order to see if this bacterium can be found in other marine waters, bacteria from living surfaces of marine plants and animals from waters around Sydney, Australia, were isolated and screened for inhibitory activity against barnacle larvae. Seventy four percent of the 23 plant isolates were shown to be inhibitory against larval settlement while only 30% of the 23 isolates from marine animals reduced settlement. Twenty two of the isolates from different seaweeds were dark pigmented and 20 of these strains inhibited settlement of barnacle larvae and algal spores. Three of the strains showed the same phenotypic expression as D2, and the results indicate that these strains may be D2 or closely related strains, suggesting that D2 may be a common inhabitant in the marine environment.
针对海洋生物污损群落的建立，提出了两个相关问题，即：（1）从海洋环境中的活体和无生命表面分离的细菌菌株，其抑制常见污损生物定殖的频率是多少；（2）具有抗污性能的细菌 D2 是否存在于不同的海洋水域中，以及其针对不同靶标生物的作用方式有多独特？关于第一个问题，对从海洋环境中的各种岩石表面分离出的 93 株海洋细菌进行了测试，以评估它们对藤壶幼虫和浒苔孢子的抑制活性。还对这 10 株细菌进行了对硅藻 Amphora sp. 的定殖抑制试验。结果显示，有 9 个细菌分离株对幼虫定殖具有抑制作用，其中 8 个分离株对藻类孢子也具有抑制作用。共有 16 株细菌对藻类孢子的定殖具有抑制作用，而没有一株细菌对硅藻的定殖具有抑制作用。关于第二个问题，从瑞典西海岸成年被囊动物中分离出的一种深绿色色素细菌 D2，已被发现对常见的污损生物具有很强的抑制作用。为了研究这种细菌是否能在其他海洋水域中存在，从澳大利亚悉尼周围海域的海洋动植物活体表面分离并筛选出对藤壶幼虫具有抑制活性的细菌。结果显示，23 株植物分离株中有 74%对幼虫定殖具有抑制作用，而来自海洋动物的 23 个分离株中只有 30%降低了定殖率。从不同海藻中分离出的 22 个分离株呈深色素，其中 20 个菌株抑制了藤壶幼虫和藻类孢子的定殖。其中 3 个菌株表现出与 D2 相同的表型表达，这表明这些菌株可能是 D2 或与其密切相关的菌株，这表明 D2 可能是海洋环境中的一种常见生物。
