a School of Biological Science , University of New South Wales , Sydney , 2052 , Australia.
Biofouling. 1996;10(1-3):213-24. doi: 10.1080/08927019609386281.
Two major problems associated with biofouling studies are the lack of broad scale testing and failure to use consistent standards among different assays or studies. To address these issues the activity of two biologically active natural products, elatol and deschloroelatol, isolated from the marine red alga Laurencia rigida, and three commonly used biocides, Nopcocide N-96™, Irgarol 1051™ and Sea-Nine 211™, was compared, in a broad spectrum of bioassays. The activity of the different compounds varied substantially among different bioassay tests. Elatol and deschloroelatol had a narrow range of activity with strongest effects against invertebrate larvae. Both compounds were highly toxic. However, neither compound had strong activity against marine bacteria or the common epiphyte Ulva lactuca. Irgarol 1051 also had a narrow range of activity, only affecting algal settlement strongly. Nopcocide N-96 and Sea-Nine 211 had moderate to strong activity across the spectrum of bioassays, viz. growth of marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, Serratia sp.), inhibition of settlement of macroalgae (Ulva lactuca), toxicity (Balanus amphitrite), and inhibition of settlement of invertebrate larvae (Balanus amphitrite, Bugula neritina). Based on the results it is proposed that Sea-Nine 211, because of its broad spectrum activity, be used as a standard for comparative assessments of the antifouling activity of marine natural products and analogues.
生物污垢研究中存在两个主要问题，一是缺乏大规模测试，二是不同检测方法或研究之间未能使用一致的标准。为了解决这些问题，对从海洋红藻Laurencia rigida 中分离出的两种具有生物活性的天然产物，即 elatol 和 deschloroelatol，以及三种常用的杀生剂，Nopcocide N-96™、Irgarol 1051™和 Sea-Nine 211™的活性进行了比较，在广泛的生物测定中。不同化合物的活性在不同的生物测定试验中差异很大。Elatol 和 deschloroelatol 的活性范围较窄，对无脊椎动物幼虫的影响最大。这两种化合物都具有很强的毒性。然而，这两种化合物对海洋细菌或常见附生植物 Ulva lactuca 都没有很强的活性。Irgarol 1051 的活性范围也很窄，只对藻类的定殖有强烈的影响。Nopcocide N-96 和 Sea-Nine 211 在生物测定的各个方面都具有中等至强的活性，即海洋细菌（Vibrio fischeri、Serratia sp.）的生长、大型藻类（Ulva lactuca）的定殖抑制、毒性（Balanus amphitrite）和无脊椎动物幼虫（Balanus amphitrite、Bugula neritina）的定殖抑制。基于这些结果，建议使用 Sea-Nine 211 作为比较评估海洋天然产物及其类似物的抗污活性的标准，因为它具有广谱活性。
