Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012 Feb;125(2):114-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01786.x. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
About 50-80% of ADHD cases have been found to persist into adulthood, but ADHD symptoms change with age. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and manual tracing studies to identify the differences between adults and children with ADHD as well as between treated and untreated individuals.
Several databases were searched using keywords 'attention-deficit and MRI', 'ADHD and MRI'. Gray matter volumes from VBM studies and caudate volumes from tracing studies of patients and controls were analyzed using signed differential mapping.
Meta-analyses detected reduced right globus pallidus and putamen volumes in VBM studies as well as decreased caudate volumes in manual tracing studies in children with ADHD. Adult patients with ADHD showed volume reduction in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A higher percentage of treated participants were associated with less changes.
Basal ganglia regions like the right globus pallidus, the right putamen, and the nucleus caudatus are structurally affected in children with ADHD. These changes and alterations in limbic regions like ACC and amygdala are more pronounced in non-treated populations and seem to diminish over time from child to adulthood. Treatment seems to have positive effects on brain structure.
大约 50-80%的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）病例被发现持续到成年期，但 ADHD 症状会随年龄变化。本研究旨在对磁共振成像体素形态计量学（VBM）和手动追踪研究进行荟萃分析，以确定 ADHD 患者与正常对照、治疗与未治疗个体之间的差异。
使用关键词“注意力缺陷和 MRI”、“ADHD 和 MRI”在多个数据库中进行搜索。使用符号差分映射分析 VBM 研究中灰质体积和追踪研究中患者和对照的尾状核体积。
荟萃分析检测到 VBM 研究中右苍白球和壳核体积减少，以及手动追踪研究中尾状核体积减少。ADHD 成年患者的前扣带回皮质（ACC）体积减少。更多接受治疗的参与者比例与较少的变化相关。
儿童 ADHD 患者的基底节区域，如右苍白球、右壳核和尾状核，结构受到影响。这些变化以及边缘区域如 ACC 和杏仁核的改变在未治疗人群中更为明显，并且似乎随着时间的推移从儿童到成年逐渐减少。治疗似乎对大脑结构有积极影响。
