Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Adv Immunol. 2011;112:177-213. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387827-4.00005-X.
Fopx3(+) expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) function as an indispensable cellular constituent of the immune system by establishing and maintaining immunological self-tolerance. T cell receptor (TCR) ligands of high agonist activity, when applied in vivo under subimmunogenic conditions, convert naive but not activated T cells into stable Tregs expressing Foxp3. Tolerogenic vaccination with strong-agonist mimetopes of self-antigens may function as a safe and highly specific instrument in the prevention of autoimmune disease by promoting self-antigen-specific tolerance. In this review, we address the requirements for generation of dominant tolerance exerted by Foxp3(+) Tregs in autoimmune disease with special focus on type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further understanding of differentiation of T cells into Tregs at the cellular and molecular level will facilitate development of additional tolerogenic vaccination strategies that can be used in prevention as well as therapeutically to combat unwanted immunity.
Fopx3(+) 表达的调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）通过建立和维持免疫耐受，成为免疫系统不可或缺的细胞成分。高激动剂活性的 T 细胞受体（TCR）配体，在亚免疫条件下体内应用时，将幼稚但未激活的 T 细胞转化为表达 Foxp3 的稳定 Tregs。具有自身抗原强激动剂模拟物的耐受原性疫苗接种可能通过促进自身抗原特异性耐受，作为预防自身免疫性疾病的安全且高度特异的手段。在这篇综述中，我们特别关注 1 型糖尿病（T1D），讨论了 Foxp3(+) Tregs 在自身免疫性疾病中发挥优势耐受所必需的条件。进一步了解 T 细胞在细胞和分子水平上分化为 Tregs，将有助于开发额外的耐受原性疫苗接种策略，这些策略可用于预防和治疗，以对抗不必要的免疫。
