Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni, Güemes 1030, 8520 San Antonio Oeste, Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina.
Mar Environ Res. 2012 Feb;73:53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.10.010. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
Mussels in the San Matías Gulf fishery are targeted using artisanal dredges and diving. The main objective of this study was to assess the direct impact of artisanal dredging on the biota and sediments, and to compare the composition of the catches and the individual damage induced by fishing between dredging and commercial diving. The experimental design included samplings from dredge catches, dredge tracks, control sites and commercial diving. According to their damage level, individuals were scored as undamaged, lightly damaged and severely damaged. Sediment characteristics were analyzed using coring samples and traps. Damage of mussels, mostly corresponding to the severely damaged category, was less than 5% both in samples from dredging and diving. Conversely, mean damage of the main bycatch species (sea urchins and ophiuroids) was 75 and 65% in samples from dredging and diving respectively, being most of the individuals lightly damaged. Considering also the catch sample composition of both fishing methods, dredging affected relatively more individuals than diving. Although sediment removal in dredged areas was three times higher than that in non-dredged ones, mean grain size and gravel percentage of sea floor sediments showed subtle differences between them.
圣马蒂亚斯湾的双壳贝类渔业采用手工拖网和潜水捕捞。本研究的主要目的是评估手工拖网对生物区系和沉积物的直接影响，并比较拖网捕捞和商业潜水捕捞的渔获物组成和个体损伤。实验设计包括从拖网渔获物、拖网轨迹、对照点和商业潜水捕捞区采集样本。根据个体损伤程度，将个体评为未损伤、轻度损伤和严重损伤。使用取芯样本和陷阱分析了沉积物特征。在拖网和潜水捕捞的样本中，贻贝的损伤主要为严重损伤，不到 5%。相反，在拖网和潜水捕捞的样本中，主要副渔获物（海胆和蛇尾类）的平均损伤分别为 75%和 65%，大多数个体为轻度损伤。同时考虑两种捕捞方法的渔获物样本组成，拖网捕捞的个体数量相对多于潜水捕捞。尽管在拖网区的沉积物清除量是未拖网区的三倍，但海底沉积物的平均粒径和砾石百分比之间几乎没有差异。
