Ikram Aisha, Suhail Kausar, Jafery Sadaf Zara, Singh Swaran
Department of Psychology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2011;48(2):74-81.
Studies have reported substantial cross-cultural variations in rates of Expressed Emotions (EE) in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. As a first attempt from Pakistan, this study aimed to measure the components of EE among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in a different socio-cultural set-up.
Thirty-two key family members were interviewed using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS).
Seventy-five percent of the family members appeared to be high EE with the majority rated so on the basis of hostility alone. Moreover, symptomatic behavior of the patient contributed more to the rating of relatives hostility. Pakistani relatives showed higher levels of emotional over-involvement and hostility as compared to many other cultures. In comparison to CFI, the FMSS showed lower sensitivity for identifying high EE relatives, thus it may not be very suitable to use on its own in Pakistan for cultural reasons.
Lack of follow-up data and small sample size limit the scope of the study.
Pakistani relatives appeared to be more hostile yet emotionally over-involved and warm toward their sick relatives as compared to the households reported in many previous studies. Psycho-educational programs need to be initiated for the concerned families to reduce their level of hostility. Outcome studies are also warranted in order to understand any link between high EE and relapse of schizophrenia in Pakistan.
研究报告称，精神分裂症患者亲属的情感表达（EE）率存在显著的跨文化差异。作为来自巴基斯坦的首次尝试，本研究旨在测量处于不同社会文化环境中的精神分裂症患者亲属的情感表达成分。
使用坎伯韦尔家庭访谈（CFI）和五分钟言语样本（FMSS）对32名主要家庭成员进行访谈。
75%的家庭成员似乎情感表达水平较高，其中大多数仅基于敌意就被评为如此。此外，患者的症状行为对亲属敌意评分的影响更大。与许多其他文化相比，巴基斯坦亲属表现出更高程度的情感过度卷入和敌意。与CFI相比，FMSS在识别情感表达水平较高的亲属方面敏感性较低，因此出于文化原因，它可能不太适合在巴基斯坦单独使用。
缺乏随访数据和样本量较小限制了研究范围。
与之前许多研究报道的家庭相比，巴基斯坦亲属似乎对患病亲属更具敌意，但情感上过度卷入且热情。需要为相关家庭启动心理教育项目，以降低他们的敌意程度。为了了解在巴基斯坦情感表达水平较高与精神分裂症复发之间的任何联系，也有必要进行结果研究。
