Center for Workforce Studies, Science Directorate, American Psychological Association, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA.
Am Psychol. 2011 Dec;66(9):825-34. doi: 10.1037/a0026200.
Numerous efforts to describe the health service provider or clinical workforce in psychology have been conducted during the past 30 years. The American Psychological Association (APA) has studied trends in the doctoral education pathway and the resultant effects on the broader psychology workforce. During this period, the creation and growth of the PsyD degree and the formalization of the predoctoral internship placement system (the APPIC Match) have been well noted, but efforts to gain a complete understanding of professional practice are lacking. Specifically, piecemeal research on the provider workforce has led to the study of specific subpopulations using varying approaches and definitions of those providing direct clinical service. Consequently, estimates of the supply and need for health service providers are distinctly divergent and generate protracted debate in organized psychology. The APA membership directory and the APA Doctorate Employment Surveys have traditionally been relied on for workforce analyses. Yet, these data have become characterized by limited generalizability in recent years because of declining survey response rates and the fact that APA member data may not be as representative of the entire psychology health service provider population as they were previously. The 2008 APA Survey of Psychology Health Service Providers targeted these limitations by including nonmember psychologists in the sampling frame. Results revealed emerging themes in the demographics, work settings, and delivery of health services of the psychology health service provider workforce. Future areas of research for APA and organized psychology to undertake in addressing need and demand are suggested.
在过去的 30 年中,人们已经进行了许多努力来描述心理健康服务提供者或临床劳动力。美国心理协会(APA)研究了博士教育途径的趋势及其对更广泛的心理学劳动力的影响。在此期间,注意到了 PsyD 学位的创建和发展以及研究生实习安置系统(APPLIC 匹配)的正式化,但缺乏对专业实践的全面理解。具体而言,对提供者劳动力的零碎研究导致了对特定子群体的研究,这些研究使用不同的方法和对提供直接临床服务的人的定义。因此,对卫生服务提供者的供应和需求的估计明显不同,并且在有组织的心理学中引发了长期的争论。APA 会员名录和 APA 博士就业调查传统上一直被用于劳动力分析。然而,近年来,由于调查回复率下降以及 APA 会员数据可能不像以前那样代表整个心理学卫生服务提供者群体,这些数据的通用性受到限制。2008 年 APA 心理健康服务提供者调查针对这些局限性,将非会员心理学家纳入抽样框架。结果揭示了心理学卫生服务提供者劳动力的人口统计学、工作环境和提供卫生服务的新兴主题。建议 APA 和有组织的心理学在解决需求方面开展未来的研究领域。