Salo Ruth, Ravizza Susan, Fassbender Catherine
Department of Psychiatry, UC Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2011 Dec;24(4):187-93. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e31823fc1d0.
To examine whether overlapping cognitive deficits exist in currently drug-abstinent chronic methamphetamine (MA) abusers and schizophrenia (SZ) patients.
Both SZ and chronic MA abuse are associated with frontostriatal disruption as well as deficits in cognitive control, such as selective attention. To identify overlapping cognitive profiles, we compared performance of the 2 groups on the Stroop attention task.
Data were analyzed from 69 MA abusers who had been MA-abstinent for differing periods of time and from 23 SZ patients and 38 non-substance-abusing controls.
The MA abusers in early abstinence displayed more Stroop interference than the SZ patients (P=0.004), long-term abstinent MA abusers (P=0.009), and controls (P=0.002). In the MA abusers, the magnitude of Stroop interference correlated positively with longer drug use (P=0.01) and negatively with longer drug abstinence (P=0.04). No correlations were found between psychotic symptoms and task performance.
On this task of attentional selection, only the MA abusers in early stages of abstinence showed performance deficits compared with controls. More research is needed to further elucidate overlapping patterns between MA abuse and SZ.
研究目前已戒除毒品的慢性甲基苯丙胺（MA）滥用者与精神分裂症（SZ）患者是否存在重叠的认知缺陷。
SZ和慢性MA滥用均与额纹状体功能紊乱以及认知控制缺陷有关，如选择性注意力缺陷。为了确定重叠的认知特征，我们比较了两组在Stroop注意力任务中的表现。
分析了69名不同戒毒时长的MA滥用者、23名SZ患者和38名非药物滥用对照者的数据。
早期戒毒的MA滥用者比SZ患者（P = 0.004）、长期戒毒的MA滥用者（P = 0.009）和对照者（P = 0.002）表现出更多的Stroop干扰。在MA滥用者中，Stroop干扰的程度与更长的吸毒时间呈正相关（P = 0.01），与更长的戒毒时间呈负相关（P = 0.04）。未发现精神症状与任务表现之间存在相关性。
在这项注意力选择任务中，与对照者相比，只有处于早期戒毒阶段的MA滥用者表现出表现缺陷。需要更多研究来进一步阐明MA滥用与SZ之间的重叠模式。
