Wallin B G
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1990 Jul;30 Suppl:S185-90. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(90)90128-6.
The paper reviews recent studies on neural control of skin blood flow, with special emphasis on the interaction between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mechanisms. Intraneural electrical stimulation, mental stress, arousal and deep breaths have been found to cause cutaneous reflex vasodilatation in cold and vasoconstriction in warm subjects. The vasoconstrictions are probably due to increases of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve traffic, but whether vasodilatation is due to inhibition of vasoconstrictor nerve traffic or active (= impulse-induced) vasodilatation is unclear. The latter alternative is a possibility since electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain may result in skin vasodilatation, suggesting that active vasodilatation is present in the skin of the human foot. Body cooling, which causes a reflex increase of cutaneous sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity, leads to reduction of cutaneous axon reflex vasodilatation. This may be due to competition between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mechanisms at the blood vessel level.
本文综述了近期关于皮肤血流神经控制的研究，特别强调了血管收缩和血管舒张机制之间的相互作用。已发现神经内电刺激、精神压力、觉醒和深呼吸会导致寒冷环境下皮肤反射性血管舒张以及温暖环境下血管收缩。血管收缩可能是由于交感缩血管神经活动增加所致，但血管舒张是由于抑制了缩血管神经活动还是由于主动（即冲动诱导）血管舒张尚不清楚。后一种可能性是存在的，因为电刺激腰交感链可能导致皮肤血管舒张，这表明人足部皮肤存在主动血管舒张。身体降温会引起皮肤交感缩血管活动反射性增加，导致皮肤轴突反射性血管舒张减弱。这可能是由于血管收缩和舒张机制在血管水平上存在竞争。
