Lambert Veronica, Glacken Michele, McCarron Mary
School of Nursing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Nurse Res. 2011;19(1):17-24. doi: 10.7748/nr2011.10.19.1.17.c8767.
Nurses are increasingly embracing ethnography as a useful research methodology. This paper presents an overview of some of the main characteristics we considered and the challenges encountered when using ethnography to explore the nature of communication between children and health professionals in a children's hospital.
There is no consensual definition or single procedure to follow when using ethnography. This is largely attributable to the re-contextualisation of ethnography over time through diversification in and across many disciplines. Thus, it is imperative to consider some of ethnography's trademark features.
To identify core trademark features of ethnography, we collated data following a scoping review of pertinent ethnographic textbooks, journal articles, attendance at ethnographic workshops and discussions with principle ethnographers.
This is a methodological paper.
Essentially, ethnography is a field-orientated activity that has cultural interpretations at its core, although the levels of those interpretations vary. We identified six trademark features to be considered when embracing an ethnographic approach: naturalism; context; multiple data sources; small case numbers; 'emic' and 'etic' perspectives, and ethical considerations.
Ethnography has an assortment of meanings, so it is not often used in a wholly orthodox way and does not fall under the auspices of one epistemological belief. Yet, there are core criteria and trademark features that researchers should take into account alongside their particular epistemological beliefs when embracing an ethnographic inquiry.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/RESEARCH: We hope this paper promotes a clearer vision of the methodological processes to consider when embarking on ethnography and creates an avenue for others to disseminate their experiences of and challenges encountered when applying ethnography's trademark features in different healthcare contexts.
护士越来越多地将人种志作为一种有用的研究方法。本文概述了我们在儿童医院使用人种志探索儿童与医护人员之间沟通本质时所考虑的一些主要特征以及遇到的挑战。
在使用人种志时，没有达成共识的定义或单一的程序可遵循。这在很大程度上归因于随着时间的推移，人种志通过许多学科内部和跨学科的多样化而重新情境化。因此，考虑人种志的一些标志性特征势在必行。
为了确定人种志的核心标志性特征，我们在对相关人种志教科书、期刊文章进行范围审查、参加人种志研讨会并与主要人种志学者进行讨论之后整理了数据。
这是一篇方法学论文。
从本质上讲，人种志是一项以实地为导向的活动，其核心是文化解读，尽管这些解读的层次各不相同。我们确定了在采用人种志方法时需要考虑的六个标志性特征：自然主义；背景；多种数据来源；小样本数量；“主位”和“客位”视角以及伦理考量。
人种志有多种含义，因此它并不经常以完全正统的方式使用，也不属于一种认识论信仰的范畴。然而，在进行人种志研究时
