Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
Pharm Biol. 2012 Apr;50(4):420-8. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2011.610805. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaves have been used as an herbal medicine that has a complex range of biological activities. However, when we consider that biological activity of plant extracts is highly variable according to the source, location, and harvest season, technology to obtain the natural products with homogeneity is extremely important.
We established the technology to obtain the cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) of Ginkgo biloba, which were expanded in vitro with homogeneity through a suspension culture and then determined the anti-inflammatory activity of fractionated samples prepared from the ethanol extract of CMCs.
We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of samples using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Especially, influence of sample treatment on the expression of various indicators, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, transcription factor, and cytokines, involved in inflammatory activity was assessed.
A fractionated sample demonstrated 53.4% inhibition of LPS-induced NO production from the cells. Additionally, when fractionated samples were treated, iNOS and COX-2 expressions were almost completely suppressed. Fractionated samples also inhibited the phosphorylation of LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) and p38 MAP kinases more than 60%. IκB phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were also suppressed by fractionated samples. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, was significantly inhibited by the sample treatment.
Fractionated samples from the ethanol extract of Ginkgo biloba CMCs could potentially be the source of a powerful anti-inflammatory substance.
银杏叶（银杏科）已被用作草药，具有广泛的生物活性。然而，当我们考虑到植物提取物的生物活性根据来源、位置和收获季节而高度变化时，获得具有均一性的天然产物的技术就变得极其重要。
我们建立了获得银杏形成层分生细胞（CMCs）的技术，通过悬浮培养使 CMC 在体外均匀扩增，并测定从 CMC 乙醇提取物中制备的分级样品的抗炎活性。
我们使用脂多糖（LPS）刺激的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞来测定样品的抗炎活性。特别是，评估了样品处理对涉及炎症活性的各种指标（如一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、环氧化酶（COX）-2、丝裂原激活蛋白（MAP）激酶、转录因子和细胞因子）表达的影响。
一个分级样品对 LPS 诱导的细胞中 NO 产生的抑制率达到 53.4%。此外，当用分级样品处理时，iNOS 和 COX-2 的表达几乎完全被抑制。分级样品还能抑制 LPS 诱导的 ERK 和 p38 MAP 激酶的磷酸化超过 60%。IκB 磷酸化和随后的核因子（NF）-κB 激活也被分级样品抑制。样品处理显著抑制促炎细胞因子 IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的表达。
银杏 CMC 乙醇提取物的分级样品可能是一种强大的抗炎物质的来源。
