Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East, Room 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013;26(1):36-51. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.638053. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
This investigation examined traits from the five-factor model of personality as moderators of the associations of combat and aftermath of battle experiences with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 214 National Guard/Reserve service members deployed to operations enduring and Iraqi freedom. Extraversion significantly moderated the associations of both combat experiences and aftermath of battle experiences with PTSD severity, with associations weakening as levels of extraversion increased. The relation between aftermath of battle experiences and PTSD was also moderated by the other four personality factors, with the relation being weaker at higher levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, and lower levels of neuroticism. These results suggest that personality traits may impact individual responses to war trauma, particularly war-related experiences that are not directly threatening to one's safety (i.e., aftermath of battle events vs. actual combat events). Although this investigation was cross-sectional, these findings indicate that personality traits are an important risk/resiliency factor to consider in people's responses to traumatic events.
本研究调查了五因素人格模型中的特质，作为调节 214 名国民警卫队/预备役军人战斗和战斗后经历与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状之间关联的因素，这些军人被部署到持久自由和伊拉克行动中。外向性显著调节了战斗经历和战斗后经历与 PTSD 严重程度的关联，随着外向性水平的提高，关联减弱。战斗后经历与 PTSD 之间的关系也受到其他四个人格因素的调节，在随和性、尽责性和开放性水平较高和神经质水平较低时，这种关系较弱。这些结果表明，人格特质可能会影响个体对战争创伤的反应，特别是对个人安全没有直接威胁的与战争相关的经历（即战斗后事件与实际战斗事件相比）。尽管这项研究是横断面的，但这些发现表明，人格特质是一个重要的风险/适应因素，需要考虑到人们对创伤性事件的反应。
