Bioscience Group, Unilever Research Centre, Whitefield, Bengaluru, India.
Pharm Biol. 2012 Apr;50(4):497-505. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2011.618501. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
Amla [Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Euphorbiaceae)], a major constituent of several herbal formulations, is a well-known hepatoprotectant. Despite its extensive use, mechanistic understanding of its antioxidant action is rather limited.
In the current study, we investigated the effects of E. officinalis extracts (from dried fruits) on cellular oxidative state using a hepatocyte cell line (HepG2). We hypothesize that E. officinalis aqueous extracts have potency to modulate basal oxidative markers and enhance endogenous antioxidant defenses.
Cells were incubated with aqueous extracts of E. officinalis (1-100 μg/ml) for varied time points (4-24 h) and biochemical markers of oxidative stress were determined in cell lysate.
Aqueous extracts of E. officinalis at 100 μg/ml can significantly modulate the basal levels of oxidative markers and enhance antioxidant defenses of the cells.
Our findings clearly indicate the propensity of E. officinalis aqueous extracts to improve endogenous antioxidant defenses in HepG2 cells. Although further studies are required to assess their efficacy under experimentally induced oxidative, our data suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of E. officinalis reported earlier may be largely due to its potential to enhance the antioxidant defenses in vivo.
Because E. officinalis up to 100 μg/ml concentrations had no effect on cell viability; it was considered noncytotoxic. Incubation with E. officinalis for 24 h resulted in significant diminution in the levels of lipid hydroperoxide (18-42%) and reactive oxygen species (11-29%). Furthermore; E. officinalis increased the levels of glutathione (GSH; 18-32%); antioxidant capacity (19-31%); and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; 25-41%; catalase; 39-50%; GSH peroxidase; 20-35%; GSH reductase; 26-35%; and GSH S-transferase; 12-30%).
余甘子[Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Euphorbiaceae)]是几种草药配方的主要成分，是一种众所周知的保肝剂。尽管它被广泛使用，但对其抗氧化作用的机制理解相当有限。
在目前的研究中，我们使用肝细胞系（HepG2）研究了余甘子提取物（来自干果）对细胞氧化状态的影响。我们假设余甘子水提物具有调节基础氧化标志物和增强内源性抗氧化防御的能力。
将细胞与余甘子的水提物（1-100μg/ml）孵育不同时间点（4-24 小时），并在细胞裂解物中测定氧化应激的生化标志物。
100μg/ml 的余甘子水提物可显著调节基础氧化标志物的水平，并增强细胞的抗氧化防御能力。
我们的研究结果清楚地表明，余甘子水提物具有改善 HepG2 细胞内源性抗氧化防御的倾向。尽管还需要进一步的研究来评估它们在实验诱导的氧化条件下的疗效，但我们的数据表明，以前报道的余甘子的保肝作用可能主要是由于其增强体内抗氧化防御的潜力。
因为余甘子在 100μg/ml 浓度下对细胞活力没有影响，所以被认为是非细胞毒性的。孵育 24 小时后，余甘子显著降低了脂质氢过氧化物（18-42%）和活性氧（11-29%）的水平。此外，余甘子增加了谷胱甘肽（GSH；18-32%）、抗氧化能力（19-31%）和抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶；25-41%；过氧化氢酶；39-50%；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶；20-35%；谷胱甘肽还原酶；26-35%；谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶；12-30%）的水平。
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