Buch Nirav, Goyal Jagdish P, Kumar Nagendra, Parmar Indira, Shah Vijay B, Charan Jaykaran
Department of Pediatrics, Govt. Medical College, Surat, India.
J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 2011 Oct;2(4):228-32. doi: 10.4103/0975-3583.89807.
Early diagnosis of hypertension (HT) is an important strategy in its control. Previous studies have documented that hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among school going children in Surat city, south Gujarat, India.
School going children aged between 6 to 18 years, of two schools were selected by purposive sampling method and blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American heart association. Hypertension is considered when blood pressure is more than 95(th) percentile according to update on task force report (2004) and children having hypertension in first and second recording repeat measurement was done to confirm hypertension after a week.
Total prevalence of hypertension in our study was 6.48%. Hypertension in males was 6.74% (<10 yrs 5.88%, 10-13yrs 6.04%, >13yrs 9.19%) and in females was 6.13% (<10yrs 0.62%, 10-13yrs 8.67%,.13yrs 8.48%). Prevalence of obesity in hypertension was 8.7% against normotensive 1.1% (P <0.05). Prevalence of hypertension in family members of hypertensive was 18.6% and in normotensive 13.1% (P =0.1). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in family members of hypertensive was 23.4% and 13.7% in normotensive (P<0.05); while prevalence of ischemic heart disease in family members was 12.34% in hypertensive and 8.3% in normotensive (P <0.05).
Prevalence of hypertension was 6.48% in the study subjects. We identified obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease was found to be significant association for childhood hypertension.
高血压（HT）的早期诊断是其控制的一项重要策略。先前的研究表明，高血压可能始于青春期，甚至可能始于儿童期。本研究的目的是确定印度古吉拉特邦南部苏拉特市学龄儿童中高血压的患病率及其危险因素。
采用目的抽样法选取两所学校6至18岁的学龄儿童，按照美国心脏协会的建议，使用汞柱式血压计测量血压。根据工作组报告（2004年更新版），当血压高于第95百分位数时被视为高血压，对首次和第二次记录中患有高血压的儿童，一周后重复测量以确认高血压。
本研究中高血压的总患病率为6.48%。男性高血压患病率为6.74%（<10岁为5.88%，10 - 13岁为6.04%，>13岁为9.19%），女性为6.13%（<10岁为0.62%，10 - 13岁为8.67%，>13岁为8.48%）。高血压患者中肥胖的患病率为8.7%，而血压正常者为1.1%（P<0.05）。高血压患者家庭成员中高血压的患病率为18.6%，血压正常者为13.1%（P = 0.1）；高血压患者家庭成员中糖尿病的患病率为23.4%，血压正常者为13.7%（P<0.05）；而家庭成员中缺血性心脏病的患病率在高血压患者中为12.34%，血压正常者为8.3%（P<0.05）。
研究对象中高血压患病率为6.48%。我们发现肥胖、糖尿病家族史、缺血性心脏病与儿童高血压存在显著关联。
