Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2012 Jan;4(1):222-7. doi: 10.1021/am2012799. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
Graphene oxide (GO) performs well as a filtration additive in water-based drilling fluids at concentrations as low as 0.2 % (w/w) by carbon content. Standard American Petroleum Institute (API) filtration tests were conducted on pH-adjusted, aqueous dispersions of GO and xanthan gum. It was found that a combination of large-flake GO and powdered GO in a 3:1 ratio performed best in the API tests, allowing an average fluid loss of 6.1 mL over 30 min and leaving a filter cake 20 μm thick. In comparison, a standard suspension (12 g/L) of clays and polymers used in the oil industry gave an average fluid loss of 7.2 mL and a filter cake ~280 μm thick. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the extreme pliability of well-exfoliated GO, as the pressure due to filtration crumpled single GO sheets, forcing them to slide through pores with diameters much smaller than the flake's flattened size. GO solutions also exhibited greater shear thinning and higher temperature stability compared to clay-based fluid-loss additives, demonstrating potential for high-temperature well applications.
氧化石墨烯（GO）在水基钻井液中的过滤添加剂表现出色，其碳含量低至 0.2%（w/w）。对 pH 值调整后的 GO 和黄原胶的水性分散体进行了标准的美国石油学会（API）过滤测试。结果发现，大薄片 GO 和粉末状 GO 以 3:1 的比例组合在 API 测试中表现最佳，允许在 30 分钟内平均流失 6.1 毫升液体，并留下约 20μm 厚的滤饼。相比之下，石油工业中使用的标准粘土和聚合物悬浮液（~12 g/L）的平均液体流失量为 7.2 毫升，滤饼厚度约为 280μm。扫描电子显微镜成像显示了充分剥离的 GO 的极高柔韧性，由于过滤产生的压力使单层 GO 片起皱，迫使它们通过直径远小于薄片压扁尺寸的孔滑动。与基于粘土的滤失添加剂相比，GO 溶液还表现出更大的剪切变稀性和更高的温度稳定性，这表明其在高温井中的应用潜力。
