Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology and Endodontology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Germany.
Ann Anat. 2012 Mar 20;194(2):190-4. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.09.006. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Although oral implantology is among the most beneficial developments of modern dentistry, the widely spread opinion that the long-term outcome of implants is superior to that of natural teeth has been refuted. To evade uncritical extractions, the morphofunctional properties of natural teeth and implant-supported restorations are compared from a proprioceptive and occlusal trauma perspective. The periodontal ligament of natural teeth provides the central nerve system with feedback for sensory perception and motor control. Conversely, the lack of such proprioception causes lower tactile sensitivity and less coordinated masticatory muscle activity in implant-borne restorations and makes them more prone to occlusal overload and possible subsequent failure. Moreover, occlusal anomalies may be conducive to parafunctional activity, craniomandibular disorder, tinnitus, and headache. Oral implantology, therefore, has to take appropriate account of occlusal conditions and the biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects of masticatory function.
虽然口腔种植学是现代牙科中最有益的发展之一，但广泛存在的认为种植体的长期效果优于天然牙的观点已经被反驳。为了避免不加批判地拔牙，从本体感觉和咬合创伤的角度比较了天然牙和种植体支持修复体的形态功能特性。天然牙的牙周韧带为中枢神经系统提供了感觉感知和运动控制的反馈。相反，缺乏这种本体感觉会导致种植体支持修复体的触觉敏感性降低，咀嚼肌活动协调性差，更容易承受咬合过载，并可能随后导致失败。此外，咬合异常可能有利于功能障碍活动、颅颌紊乱、耳鸣和头痛。因此，口腔种植学必须充分考虑咬合条件以及咀嚼功能的生物力学和神经肌肉方面。
