Ali Amir, Al Attar Ammar, Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos
Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 214 21 Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 214 21 Malmö, Sweden.
J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 9;12(4):1386. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041386.
This dental record-based retrospective study aimed to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) around dental implants in a group of smokers in relation to a matched group of non-smokers, with a special focus on five different frequencies of daily smoking (non-smokers, and frequency of 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 20 cig./day). Only implants with a minimum of 36 months of radiological follow-up were considered. Univariate linear regression models were used to compare MBL over time between 12 clinical covariates, after which a linear mixed-effects model was built. After matching of the patients, the study included 340 implants in 104 smokers, and 337 implants in 100 non-smokers. The results suggested that smoking degree (greater MBL for higher degrees of smoking), bruxism (greater MBL for bruxers), jaw (greater MBL in maxilla), prosthesis fixation (greater MBL for screw-retained prosthesis), and implant diameter (greater MBL for 3.75-4.10 mm) had a significant influence on MBL over time. There appears to be a positive correlation between the degree of smoking and the degree of MBL, meaning, the higher the degree of smoking, the greater the MBL. However, the difference is not apparent for different degrees of smoking when this is high, namely above 10 cigarettes per day.
这项基于牙科记录的回顾性研究旨在比较一组吸烟者与匹配的非吸烟者中牙种植体周围的边缘骨丢失（MBL）情况，特别关注每日五种不同的吸烟频率（非吸烟者、每天1 - 5支、6 - 10支、11 - 15支和20支香烟）。仅考虑至少有36个月放射学随访的种植体。使用单变量线性回归模型比较12个临床协变量随时间的MBL情况，之后建立线性混合效应模型。患者匹配后，该研究纳入了104名吸烟者的340颗种植体和100名非吸烟者的337颗种植体。结果表明，吸烟程度（吸烟程度越高，MBL越大）、磨牙症（磨牙者的MBL更大）、颌骨（上颌骨的MBL更大）、假体固定方式（螺丝固位假体的MBL更大）以及种植体直径（3.75 - 4.10毫米的种植体MBL更大）对随时间变化的MBL有显著影响。吸烟程度与MBL程度之间似乎存在正相关，即吸烟程度越高，MBL越大。然而，当吸烟程度较高，即每天超过10支香烟时，不同吸烟程度之间的差异并不明显。
