Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012 Feb;23(1):56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.019. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
Single cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS) is a non-invasive and label-free technology, allowing in vivo and multiple parameter analysis of individual living cells. A single cell Raman spectrum usually contains more than 1000 Raman bands which provide rich and intrinsic information of the cell (e.g. nucleic acids, protein, carbohydrates and lipids), reflecting cellular genotypes, phenotypes and physiological states. A Raman spectrum serves as a molecular 'fingerprint' of a single cell, making it possible to differentiate various cells including bacterial, protistan and animal cells without prior knowledge of the cells. However, a key drawback of SCRS is the fact that spontaneous Raman signals are naturally weak; this review discusses recent research progress in significantly enhancing and improving the signal of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, including resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This review focuses on the biotechnological development and the associated applications of SCRS, including Raman activated cell sorting (RACS) and Raman imaging and mapping.
单细胞拉曼光谱（SCRS）是一种非侵入性且无需标记的技术，可对单个活细胞进行体内和多参数分析。单个细胞的拉曼光谱通常包含 1000 多个拉曼带，这些拉曼带提供了细胞的丰富而内在的信息（例如核酸、蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂质），反映了细胞的基因型、表型和生理状态。拉曼光谱是单个细胞的分子“指纹”，使得无需事先了解细胞，就可以区分各种细胞，包括细菌、原生动物和动物细胞。然而，SCRS 的一个主要缺点是自发拉曼信号自然较弱；本综述讨论了在显著增强和改善自发拉曼光谱信号方面的最新研究进展，包括共振拉曼光谱（RRS）、相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱（CARS）、受激拉曼光谱（SRS）和表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）。本综述重点介绍了 SCRS 的生物技术发展及其相关应用，包括拉曼激活细胞分选（RACS）和拉曼成像与映射。
