School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 17;46(2):1028-34. doi: 10.1021/es2029558. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
This study focused on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metal leaching from three kinds of composite products made from fiberglass-resin portion (FRP) of crushed printed circuit board (PCB) waste, including phenolic molding compound (PMC), wood plastic composite (WPC), and nonmetallic plate (NMP). Released VOCs from the composite products were quantified by air sampling on adsorbent followed by thermal desorption and GC-MS analysis. The results showed that VOCs emitted from composite products originated from the added organic components during manufacturing process. Phenol in PMC panels came primarily from phenolic resin, and the airborne concentration of phenol emitted from PMC product was 59.4 ± 6.1 μg/m(3), which was lower than odor threshold of 100% response for phenol (180 μg/m(3)). VOCs from WPC product mainly originated from wood flour, e.g., benzaldehyde, octanal, and d-limonene were emitted in relatively low concentrations. For VOCs emitted from NMP product, the airborne concentration of styrene was the highest (633 ± 67 μg/m(3)). Leaching characteristics of metal ions from composite products were tested using acetic acid buffer solution and sulphuric acid and nitric acid solution. Then the metal concentrations in the leachates were tested by ICP-AES. The results showed that only the concentration of Cu (average = 893 mg/L; limit = 100 mg/L) in the leachate solution of the FRP using acetic acid buffer solution exceeded the standard limit. However, concentrations of other metal ions (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ba, and Ni) were within the standard limit. All the results indicated that the FRP in composite products was not a major concern in terms of environmental assessment based upon VOCs tests and leaching characteristics.
本研究聚焦于三种由粉碎的印刷电路板（PCB）废料的玻璃纤维树脂部分（FRP）制成的复合材料产品中的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和金属浸出，包括酚醛模塑料（PMC）、木塑复合材料（WPC）和非金属板（NMP）。通过吸附剂上的空气采样对复合材料产品释放的 VOCs 进行定量，然后进行热解吸和 GC-MS 分析。结果表明，复合材料产品释放的 VOCs 源自制造过程中添加的有机成分。PMC 板中的苯酚主要来自酚醛树脂，从 PMC 产品中排放的苯酚空气中浓度为 59.4 ± 6.1 μg/m³，低于苯酚 100%响应的气味阈值（180 μg/m³）。WPC 产品中的 VOCs 主要来自木粉，例如，苯甲醛、辛醛和柠檬烯以相对较低的浓度排放。对于 NMP 产品排放的 VOCs，空气中的苯乙烯浓度最高（633 ± 67 μg/m³）。使用乙酸缓冲溶液和硫酸和硝酸溶液测试了复合材料产品中金属离子的浸出特性，然后使用 ICP-AES 测试了浸出液中的金属浓度。结果表明，只有在使用乙酸缓冲溶液的 FRP 的浸出液中 Cu（平均值=893 mg/L；限量=100 mg/L）的浓度超过标准限量。然而，其他金属离子（Pb、Cd、Cr、Ba 和 Ni）的浓度均在标准限量内。所有结果表明，根据 VOCs 测试和浸出特性，复合材料产品中的 FRP 不会对环境评估构成重大问题。
