Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 723 W Michigan St. SL220D, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Bone. 2012 Jan;50(1):420-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.11.008. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been in use for 30 years, and the form of SPM known as atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been around for 25 of those years. AFM has been used to produce high resolution images of a variety of samples ranging from DNA to carbon nanotubes. Type I collagen and many collagen-based tissues (including dentin, tendon, cartilage, skin, fascia, vocal cords, and cornea) have been studied with AFM, but comparatively few studies of bone have been undertaken. The purpose of this review is to introduce the general principles of AFM operation, demonstrate what AFM has been used for in bone research, and discuss the new directions that this technique can take the study of bone at the nanoscale.
扫描探针显微镜（SPM）已经使用了 30 年，其中的原子力显微镜（AFM）形式已经使用了 25 年。AFM 已被用于对各种样本（从 DNA 到碳纳米管）产生高分辨率图像。I 型胶原蛋白和许多基于胶原蛋白的组织（包括牙本质、肌腱、软骨、皮肤、筋膜、声带和角膜）已经用 AFM 进行了研究，但对骨骼的研究相对较少。本综述的目的是介绍 AFM 操作的一般原理，展示 AFM 在骨骼研究中的应用，并讨论这项技术在纳米尺度上研究骨骼的新方向。
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