Fukai S, Hayakawa T, Tsutsui J
Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1990;34(2):239-44.
The features of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) suppression were investigated in various kinds of visual disturbances including those of optical, retinal, higher cortical and psychogenic etiologies. A new OKN suppression device was developed, modifying the principle of Ohm. Objective visual acuities were calculated using the visual angle of OKN suppression dots which were arranged in 12 steps corresponding to the visual acuity from 0.03 to 1.0 as determined by Landolt's method. A total of 286 cases were tested. Results were classified into four types of coincidence between objective and subjective visual acuities. The first group showed equivalent acuities. Normal subjects, cases of corneal opacity, aphakia with intraocular lens implantation and functional amblyopia belonged to this category. In the second group, objective acuity could not be determined because of fixation disturbance due to cortical lesion. The subjective acuity better than the objective acuity was obtained in the third group which consisted of cases with macular hole, central serous retinopathy and optic neuritis with central scotoma. Disturbance of foveal fixation to the OKN suppression dot seemed to be the reason for this difference in the acuities. In the fourth group, the objective acuity was better than the subjective acuity. This occurred in cases of psychogenic visual disturbance and malingerer.
在包括光学、视网膜、高级皮层和心因性病因等各种视觉障碍中，对视动性眼球震颤（OKN）抑制的特征进行了研究。基于欧姆原理进行改进，研发出了一种新型OKN抑制装置。使用OKN抑制点的视角计算客观视力，这些抑制点按12个等级排列，对应于由朗多尔特法测定的从0.03到1.0的视力。总共对286例患者进行了测试。结果根据客观视力与主观视力的符合情况分为四种类型。第一组显示视力相当。正常受试者、角膜混浊病例、人工晶状体植入后的无晶状体眼病例以及功能性弱视病例属于这一类别。第二组由于皮层病变导致注视障碍，无法测定客观视力。第三组由黄斑裂孔、中心性浆液性视网膜病变和伴有中心暗点的视神经炎病例组成，其主观视力优于客观视力。对OKN抑制点的中央凹注视障碍似乎是导致视力差异的原因。第四组中，客观视力优于主观视力。这种情况发生在心因性视觉障碍和诈病病例中。
