Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Phytother Res. 2012 Jul;26(7):995-1002. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3677. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
Phenolic-enriched extracts of maple sap and syrup, obtained from the sugar and red maple species (Acer saccharum Marsh, A. rubrum L., respectively), are reported to show anticancer effects. Despite traditional medicinal uses of various other parts of these plants by Native Americans, they have not been investigated for anticancer activity. Here leaves, stems/twigs, barks and sapwoods of both maple species were evaluated for antiproliferative effects against human colon tumorigenic (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2) and non-tumorigenic (CCD-18Co) cells. Extracts were standardized to total phenolic and ginnalin-A (isolated in our laboratory) levels. Overall, the extracts inhibited the growth of the colon cancer more than normal cells (over two-fold), their activities increased with their ginnalin-A levels, with red > sugar maple extracts. The red maple leaf extract, which contained the highest ginnalin-A content, was the most active extract (IC₅₀ = 35 and 16 µg/mL for extract and ginnalin-A, respectively). The extracts were not cytotoxic nor did they induce apoptosis of the colon cancer cells. However, cell cycle analyses revealed that the antiproliferative effects of the extracts were mediated through cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. The results from the current study suggest that these maple plant part extracts may have potential anticolon cancer effects.
枫糖和枫糖浆的酚类富集提取物分别从糖枫（Acer saccharum Marsh）和红枫（A. rubrum L.）中获得，据报道具有抗癌作用。尽管美洲原住民传统上使用这些植物的其他部分，但尚未对其抗癌活性进行研究。在此，评估了两种枫树种的叶子、茎/小枝、树皮和边材对人结肠肿瘤细胞（HCT-116、HT-29、Caco-2）和非肿瘤细胞（CCD-18Co）的增殖抑制作用。提取物的总酚和京尼平 A（我们实验室分离）水平进行了标准化。总体而言，提取物对结肠癌细胞的生长抑制作用强于正常细胞（超过两倍），其活性随京尼平 A 水平的升高而增加，红枫提取物大于糖枫提取物。含有最高京尼平 A 含量的红枫叶提取物是最活跃的提取物（提取物和京尼平 A 的 IC₅₀分别为 35 和 16 µg/mL）。提取物既无细胞毒性，也不会诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡。然而，细胞周期分析表明，提取物的抗增殖作用是通过细胞周期在 S 期停滞介导的。本研究的结果表明，这些枫树植物部分提取物可能具有潜在的抗结肠癌作用。
