Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 2074, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2012 May;48(3):815-26. doi: 10.1037/a0026402. Epub 2011 Dec 12.
Behavioral inhibition is a temperament characterized in infancy and early childhood by a tendency to withdraw from novel or unfamiliar stimuli. Children exhibiting this disposition, relative to children with other dispositions, are more socially reticent, less likely to initiate interaction with peers, and more likely to develop anxiety over time. Until recently, a dominant model attributed this disposition to reductions in the threshold for engaging the circuitry supporting fear learning, particularly the amygdala. Recent work, however, also has implicated striatal circuitry and other regions that constitute components of a presumed reward system. A series of studies found that behaviorally inhibited adolescents display heightened activation of striatal structures to cues indicating an opportunity to receive reward. This article reviews evidence implicating dual roles for fear and reward circuitry in the expression of behavioral inhibition.
行为抑制是一种在婴儿期和幼儿期表现出来的气质特征，表现为对新奇或不熟悉的刺激有退缩倾向。与具有其他气质特征的儿童相比，表现出这种倾向的儿童在社交上更加内向，不太可能主动与同龄人互动，而且随着时间的推移更容易产生焦虑。直到最近，一种占主导地位的模式将这种倾向归因于参与支持恐惧学习的电路的阈值降低，特别是杏仁核。然而，最近的工作也涉及纹状体电路和其他构成假定奖励系统组成部分的区域。一系列研究发现，行为抑制的青少年在看到表示有机会获得奖励的线索时，纹状体结构的激活会增强。本文综述了恐惧和奖励回路在行为抑制表达中双重作用的证据。
