Med Clin (Barc). 1990 Jun 30;95(5):161-8.
In the prevalence study of infections carried out in 33 hospitals from Catalonia in 1988, where 7,434 patients were included, information about the responsible microorganisms and the prescribed antimicrobials was collected (in addition to the data on community and hospital infections and risk factors) and is reported in the present article. The microbiological diagnosis was made in 43% of hospital infections and in 31.9% of community infections. Gram negative organisms predominated (57.3% of isolates in hospital and 46.5% in community infections). The most prevalent organisms in hospital infections were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the most common Gram positive organisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. 31.7% of the studied patients received antimicrobials. The health care area with the highest prevalence was Intensive Care (46.6%), and General Surgery had the lowest one (26.8%). There were no significant prevalence differences between the three types of hospitals depending on their size. The most commonly used antimicrobial was gentamicin. The empirical indication rate was remarkably high (58.6%), the rate of antimicrobials with a specific indication was low (16%), and the rate of use of prophylactic antimicrobials was high (25.4%). There also was a remarkable disparity and extension of the types of drugs used.
1988年在加泰罗尼亚的33家医院开展了感染患病率研究，纳入了7434例患者，收集了有关致病微生物和所开具抗菌药物的信息（除社区和医院感染及危险因素的数据外），并在本文中报告。43%的医院感染和31.9%的社区感染进行了微生物学诊断。革兰阴性菌占主导（医院感染分离株中占57.3%，社区感染中占46.5%）。医院感染中最常见的微生物是大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌；最常见的革兰阳性菌是金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。31.7%的研究患者接受了抗菌药物治疗。患病率最高的医疗区域是重症监护室（46.6%），普通外科最低（26.8%）。三种类型的医院根据规模不同，患病率无显著差异。最常用的抗菌药物是庆大霉素。经验性用药指征率非常高（58.6%），有明确指征的抗菌药物使用率低（16%），预防性抗菌药物使用率高（25.4%）。所使用药物的类型也存在显著差异和广泛多样性。
