Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2012;57:267-89. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090545.
The ability to manipulate the genomes of many insects has become a practical reality over the past 15 years. This has been led by the identification of several useful transposon vector systems that have allowed the identification and development of generalized, species-specific, and tissue-specific promoter systems for controlled expression of gene products upon introduction into insect genomes. Armed with these capabilities, researchers have made significant strides in both fundamental and applied transgenics in key model systems such as Bombyx mori, Tribolium casteneum, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Limitations of transposon systems were identified, and alternative tools were developed, thus significantly increasing the potential for applied transgenics for control of both agricultural and medical insect pests. The next 10 years promise to be an exciting time of transitioning from the laboratory to the field, from basic research to applied control, during which the full potential of gene manipulation in insect systems will ultimately be realized.
在过去的 15 年中，操纵许多昆虫基因组的能力已经成为现实。这主要得益于几种有用的转座子载体系统的鉴定，这些系统允许鉴定和开发通用的、物种特异性的和组织特异性的启动子系统，以便在将基因产物引入昆虫基因组时进行控制表达。有了这些能力，研究人员在关键的模式系统（如家蚕、赤拟谷盗、埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊）的基础和应用转基因方面都取得了重大进展。转座子系统的局限性已经被确定，并且已经开发出替代工具，从而大大增加了应用转基因技术控制农业和医学昆虫的潜力。未来 10 年有望成为从实验室到野外、从基础研究到应用控制的激动人心的过渡时期，在此期间，昆虫系统中基因操作的全部潜力最终将得到实现。
