School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2011;29 Suppl 1:S39-46. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.614269.
Fluids and electrolytes (sodium) are consumed by athletes, or recommended to athletes, for a number of reasons, before, during, and after exercise. These reasons are generally to sustain total body water, as deficits (hypohydration) will increase cardiovascular and thermal strain and degrade aerobic performance. Vigorous exercise and warm/hot weather induce sweat production, which contains both water and electrolytes. Daily water (4-10 L) and sodium (3500-7000 mg) losses in active athletes during hot weather exposure can induce water and electrolyte deficits. Both water and sodium need to be replaced to re-establish "normal" total body water (euhydration). This replacement can be by normal eating and drinking practices if there is no urgency for recovery. But if rapid recovery (<24 h) is desired or severe hypohydration (>5% body mass) is encountered, aggressive drinking of fluids and consuming electrolytes should be encouraged to facilitate recovery for subsequent competition.
运动员在运动前后会因多种原因消耗液体和电解质（钠），或者被建议补充液体和电解质。这些原因通常是为了维持总体水合，因为水分不足（脱水）会增加心血管和热应激，降低有氧运动表现。剧烈运动和炎热/高温天气会导致出汗，汗液中既含有水也含有电解质。在炎热天气下，活跃运动员每天通过汗液损失的水分（4-10 升）和钠（3500-7000 毫克）会导致水分和电解质不足。为了重新建立“正常”的总体水合（水合状态正常），需要补充水分和钠。如果没有恢复的紧迫性，可以通过正常的饮食和饮水来实现这一点。但是，如果需要快速恢复（<24 小时），或者遇到严重的脱水（>5%的体重），应该鼓励摄入液体和电解质，以促进恢复，从而参加后续的比赛。
