Sustainable Dairy Reproduction Program, Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
J Dairy Res. 2012 May;79(2):135-42. doi: 10.1017/S0022029911000896. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
In this prospective observational study rectal and vaginal temperature of 82 (26 primiparous, 56 multiparous) early post-partum healthy dairy cows that calved without intervention within 3 months and did not show clinical signs of infectious and metabolic diseases were continuously measured and evaluated for associations with plausible factors during the first 10 days in milk (DIM). During May, June and July mean (±SD) temperature humidity index (THI) was 60·1±5; 66·8±5·6 and 74·2±4·3, respectively. Environmental conditions had a negligible effect on body temperature (BT) during May (P<0·05). During June and July, however, the ambient temperature and THI influenced BT (P<0·05). Furthermore, plausible factors like parity, DIM, months and time of day had an effect on BT (P<0·05). Overall, primiparous cows demonstrated 0·2°C greater BT during the first 10 DIM than multiparous cows. The effect of parity, however, on BT varied between DIM according to month (P<0·001). During this 3-month study period all cows demonstrated BT rhythms; however, the amplitude of BT increased from May to July (0·3 to 0·7°C). A greater proportion of the vaginal temperature measurements exceeded a threshold tested (≥39·5°C) during July (46·8%) than in June (33·9%) and May (19·3%). Overall the percentage of BT values above a threshold of ≥39·5°C was lower during the period 6.00-10.00 compared with the remaining 20 h (P<0·05). Therefore this study concluded that the BT of healthy post-partum dairy cows during the period 1-10 DIM post partum is greater compared with the reference range of 38·6 to 39·5°C reported by others and is influenced by parity, DIM, time of day and THI. When the association between BT and THI increased the reliability of threshold levels of BT (≥39·5°C) decreased.
在这项前瞻性观察研究中，连续测量并评估了 82 头（26 头初产，56 头经产）产后 3 个月内无干预且无感染和代谢性疾病临床症状的早期产后健康奶牛的直肠和阴道温度，这些奶牛在产后第 10 天内（DIM）期间与可能的因素相关。在 5 月、6 月和 7 月，平均（±SD）温度湿度指数（THI）分别为 60.1±5；66.8±5.6 和 74.2±4.3。5 月时，环境条件对体温（BT）的影响可以忽略不计（P<0.05）。然而，在 6 月和 7 月，环境温度和 THI 影响 BT（P<0.05）。此外，产次、DIM、月份和一天中的时间等可能因素也对 BT 有影响（P<0.05）。总体而言，初产奶牛在产后第 10 天的 BT 比经产奶牛高 0.2°C。然而，BT 受产次的影响因月份而异（P<0.001）。在这项为期 3 个月的研究期间，所有奶牛都表现出 BT 节律；然而，BT 的幅度从 5 月到 7 月增加（0.3 到 0.7°C）。在 7 月（46.8%）比 6 月（33.9%）和 5 月（19.3%）有更多的阴道温度测量值超过测试的阈值（≥39.5°C）。总体而言，在 6.00-10.00 期间，BT 值超过≥39.5°C 阈值的百分比低于其余 20 小时（P<0.05）。因此，本研究得出结论，与其他人报道的 38.6 至 39.5°C 的参考范围相比，产后 1 至 10 天期间健康产后奶牛的 BT 更高，并且受产次、DIM、时间和 THI 的影响。当 BT 与 THI 的关联增加时，BT（≥39.5°C）阈值水平的可靠性降低。
