Holowinsky I Z
Department of Educational Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.
Ment Retard. 1990 Aug;28(4):211-8.
Twenty-six studies on mental retardation conducted in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s were reviewed: 8 focused on etiological questions; 15, on psychoeducational issues; and 3, on vocational or social policy concerns. The findings, which tend to support general trends found in the United States for individuals with mental retardation, were: higher risk factors for mental retardation for children if the mother rather than the father had mental retardation; lower levels of education, lower occupational status, and a larger number of children for families of children with mental retardation (a significant finding in a society traditionally described as classless); and significantly higher number of males than females among persons with dual diagnoses.
对20世纪70年代和80年代在苏联进行的26项关于智力迟钝的研究进行了综述：8项聚焦于病因学问题；15项关注心理教育问题；3项关注职业或社会政策问题。研究结果倾向于支持在美国发现的智力迟钝个体的总体趋势，这些结果是：如果母亲而非父亲有智力迟钝，孩子患智力迟钝的风险因素更高；智力迟钝儿童家庭的教育水平较低、职业地位较低且子女数量较多（在一个传统上被描述为无阶级的社会中这是一个重要发现）；双重诊断患者中男性数量明显多于女性。
