Department of Internal Medicine, S.Maria del Prato Hospital, 32032 Feltre (BL), Italy.
Eur J Intern Med. 2012 Jan;23(1):34-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.015. Epub 2011 Nov 26.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents approximately 85 to 90% of all primary liver cancers (PLC) and every year, more than 560,000 people are diagnosed as affected by this cancer. The identification of risk factors for HCC prompted the creation of screening and surveillance programs in patients affected by chronic liver diseases with the aim of detecting HCC nodules as soon as possible and provide effective and hopefully curative therapy A correct diagnosis is of paramount importance for the surveillance program as well as for the choice of the appropriate therapy. Both in the diagnosis of small HCC and in the choice of the therapy for locally advanced HCC the diagnosis must be certain. Improvements of the radiological imagine techniques have surely enhanced both early diagnosis and tumor staging, allowing a reasonably accurate diagnosis, but cannot provide the certainty that in clinical practice is essential for an adequate workout. Therefore, the histopatological definition of the tumor is imperative both for an appropriate therapy and for an accurate prognostic evaluation.
肝细胞癌（HCC）约占所有原发性肝癌（PLC）的 85%至 90%，每年有超过 560,000 人被诊断为患有这种癌症。HCC 的危险因素的确定促使在患有慢性肝病的患者中创建了筛查和监测计划，目的是尽早发现 HCC 结节，并提供有效且有希望的治疗方法。正确的诊断对于监测计划以及选择适当的治疗方法至关重要。无论是在小 HCC 的诊断还是在局部晚期 HCC 的治疗选择中，诊断都必须是明确的。放射影像学技术的改进肯定提高了早期诊断和肿瘤分期，允许进行合理准确的诊断，但不能提供在临床实践中对于适当治疗至关重要的确定性。因此，肿瘤的组织病理学定义对于适当的治疗和准确的预后评估都是必要的。
