Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2012 Mar;35(3):164-74. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.002. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
Axon growth is driven by the movement of a growth cone, a specialized sensory motile structure located at the tip of a growing neurite. Although stalled retraction bulbs have long been recognized as hallmarks of regeneration failure, mechanisms that control the formation and migration of nerve endings are only beginning to be unraveled. Recent studies point to microtubules as key determinants for such processes, and emerging evidence suggests that regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics in the growth cone might serve as attractive targets for controlling both the speed and trajectory of regenerating axons. This review discusses the potential of and recent progress in direct modulation of the growth cone machinery as a novel strategy to promote axon regeneration in the nervous system after injury.
轴突生长是由生长锥的运动驱动的，生长锥是位于生长神经突尖端的一种专门的感觉运动结构。虽然停滞的回缩球早已被认为是再生失败的标志，但控制神经末梢形成和迁移的机制才刚刚开始被揭示。最近的研究指出微管是这些过程的关键决定因素，新出现的证据表明，生长锥中肌动蛋白和微管动力学的调节剂可能成为控制再生轴突速度和轨迹的有吸引力的靶点。这篇综述讨论了直接调节生长锥机制作为一种新策略的潜力和最近进展，以促进神经系统损伤后的轴突再生。
