Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, Schwarzwaldallee 215, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012 Apr;23(2):278-85. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.020. Epub 2011 Dec 10.
Agricultural biotechnology holds much potential to contribute towards crop productivity gains and crop improvement for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Over 14 million smallholder farmers are already benefiting from biotech crops such as cotton and maize in China, India and other Asian, African and Central/South American countries. Molecular breeding can accelerate crop improvement timescales and enable greater use of diversity of gene sources. Little impact has been realized to date with fruits and vegetables because of development timescales for molecular breeding and development and regulatory costs and political considerations facing biotech crops in many countries. Constraints to the development and adoption of technology-based solutions to reduce yield gaps need to be overcome. Full integration with broader commercial considerations such as farmer access to seed distribution systems that facilitate dissemination of improved varieties and functioning markets for produce are critical for the benefits of agricultural biotechnology to be fully realized by smallholders. Public-private partnerships offer opportunities to catalyze new approaches and investment while accelerating integrated research and development and commercial supply chain-based solutions.
农业生物技术具有很大的潜力，可以帮助发展中国家的小农户提高作物生产力和改善作物。中国、印度和其他亚洲、非洲和中/南美洲国家已有超过 1400 万小农户受益于棉花和玉米等生物技术作物。分子育种可以加速作物改良的时间，并能够更好地利用基因资源的多样性。由于分子育种和开发的时间以及许多国家面临的生物技术作物的监管成本和政治考虑，到目前为止，水果和蔬菜的影响甚微。需要克服发展和采用基于技术的解决方案来缩小产量差距的制约因素。将技术解决方案与更广泛的商业考虑因素充分结合，例如农民获得种子分销系统的机会，这些系统有助于推广改良品种和运作良好的农产品市场，对于小农户充分实现农业生物技术的好处至关重要。公私合作伙伴关系提供了机会，可以促进新的方法和投资，同时加快综合研发和基于商业供应链的解决方案。
