School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jan;26(1):121-30. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821e4c60.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the sprinting demands of National Rugby League (NRL) competition and characterize the sprinting patterns of different rugby league playing positions. Thirty-seven elite rugby league players (mean ± SE age: 23.6 ± 0.5 years) underwent global positioning satellite analysis during 104 NRL appearances. The majority (67.5%) of sprint efforts were across distances of <20 m. The most common sprint distance for hit-up forwards was 6-10 m (46.3%). Outside backs had a greater proportion (33.7%) of sprint efforts over distances of ≥21 m. The proportion of sprint efforts over 40 m or greater for hit-up forwards, wide running forwards, adjustables, and outside backs was 5.0, 7.4, 5.0, and 9.7%, respectively. Of the sprints performed, approximately 48.0% involved contact, approximately 58.0% were preceded by forward locomotion (forward walking, jogging, or striding), whereas over 24.0% occurred from a standing start. Hit-up forwards more commonly sprinted from a standing start, or after lateral movement, whereas forward striding activities more commonly preceded sprint efforts for the adjustables and outside backs. The majority of sprint efforts were performed without the ball (78.7 vs. 21.3%). Most sprint efforts (67.5%) were followed by a long recovery (i.e., ≥5 minutes). Outside backs had the greatest proportion (76.1%) of long duration recovery periods and the smallest proportion (1.8%) of short duration recovery periods (i.e., <60 seconds) between sprints. The results of this study demonstrate differences among rugby league playing positions for the nature of sprint efforts and the typical distances covered during these efforts. Furthermore, the activities preceding and the recovery periods after sprint efforts were different among playing positions. These findings suggest that rugby league sprint training should be tailored to meet the individual demands of specific playing positions.
本研究旨在探讨国家橄榄球联盟（NRL）比赛中的冲刺需求，并描述不同橄榄球联赛比赛位置的冲刺模式。37 名精英橄榄球运动员（平均±SE 年龄：23.6±0.5 岁）在 104 次 NRL 比赛中接受了全球定位卫星分析。大多数（67.5%）冲刺距离小于 20 米。触地前锋的常见冲刺距离为 6-10 米（46.3%）。外后卫的冲刺距离大于 21 米的比例（33.7%）更高。触地前锋、宽跑前锋、调整者和外后卫的冲刺距离超过 40 米或以上的比例分别为 5.0%、7.4%、5.0%和 9.7%。在所进行的冲刺中，大约 48.0%涉及接触，大约 58.0%是在前向运动（向前行走、慢跑或大步走）之前进行的，而超过 24.0%是从站立开始的。触地前锋更常见地从站立开始或侧向移动后进行冲刺，而调整者和外后卫的向前大步活动更常见地在冲刺前进行。大多数冲刺是在没有球的情况下进行的（78.7%比 21.3%）。大多数冲刺（67.5%）后有较长的恢复期（即≥5 分钟）。外后卫的长恢复期比例最大（76.1%），短恢复期（即<60 秒）比例最小（1.8%）。本研究的结果表明，橄榄球联赛比赛位置之间的冲刺性质和这些冲刺中覆盖的典型距离存在差异。此外，冲刺前的活动和冲刺后的恢复期在比赛位置之间也不同。这些发现表明，橄榄球联赛冲刺训练应根据特定比赛位置的个体需求进行定制。
