Sport Science Department, ASPIRE Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha, Qatar.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jan;26(1):94-105. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182184fcb.
To examine the physiological strain associated with hypoxic high intensity interval training (HHIT), 8 highly trained young runners (age, 18.6 ± 5.3 years) randomly performed, 5 × 3-minute intervals in either normoxic (N, 90% of the velocity associated with VO(2max), vVO(2max)) or hypoxic (H, simulated 2,400-m altitude, 84% of νVO(2max)) conditions. Cardiorespiratory (ventilation [V(E)], oxygen consumption [V(O2)], heart rate [HR], oxygen saturation [SpO(2)]), rating of central perceived exertion (RPE(C)) responses, changes in neutrophils, erythropoietin (EPO), blood lactate ([La]) and, bicarbonate ([HCO(-)(3)]), vagal-related indices of HR variability (natural logarithm of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences [Ln rMSSD]) and maximal sprint and jump performances were compared after each session. Compared with N, H was associated with similar V(E) (Cohen's d ± 90% confidence limits, 0.0 ± 0.4, with % chances of higher/similar/lower values of 15/61/24) but at least lower VO(2) (-0.8 ± 0.4, 0/0/100), HR (-0.4 ± 0.4, 1/21/78), and SpO(2) (-1.8 ± 0.4, 0/0/100). Rating of perceived exertion was very likely higher (+0.5 ± 0.4, 92/8/0). Changes in [HCO(3)] (-0.6 ± 0.8, 5/13/83), [La] (+0.2 ± 0.4, 52/42/5), and EPO (+0.2 ± 0.4, 55/40/5) were at least possibly greater after H compared with those after N, whereas changes in neutrophils were likely lower (-0.5 ± 0.7, 4/15/81). Changes in 20-m sprint time (+0.20 ± 0.23, 49/50/1) were possibly lower after H. There was no clear difference in the changes in Ln rMSSD (+0.2 ± 1.7, 48/18/34) and jump (+0.3 ± 0.9, 60/25/15). In conclusion, although perceived as harder, HHIT is not associated with an exaggerated physiological stress in highly trained young athletes. The present results also confirm that HHIT may not be optimal for training both the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular determinants of running performance in this population.
为了研究与低氧高强度间歇训练（HHIT）相关的生理压力，8 名训练有素的年轻跑步者（年龄 18.6 ± 5.3 岁）随机进行了 5 次 3 分钟的间歇训练，分别在常氧（N，与 VO（2max）相关的速度的 90%，vVO（2max））或低氧（H，模拟 2400 米海拔，84%νVO（2max））条件下。心肺（通气[VE]、耗氧量[V（O2）]、心率[HR]、血氧饱和度[SpO（2）]）、中央感知用力的等级评定（RPE（C））反应、中性粒细胞、促红细胞生成素（EPO）、血乳酸（[La]）和碳酸氢盐（[HCO（-）（3））的变化、心率变异性的迷走神经相关指数（HRV 的自然对数平方根均方和差异的均值[Ln rMSSD]）以及最大冲刺和跳跃表现，在每次训练后都进行了比较。与 N 相比，H 与相似的 VE（Cohen's d ± 90%置信区间，0.0 ± 0.4，高/相似/低值的可能性为 15/61/24）有关，但至少 VO（2）较低（-0.8 ± 0.4，0/0/100）、HR（-0.4 ± 0.4，1/21/78）和 SpO（2）（-1.8 ± 0.4，0/0/100）。感知用力的等级评定很可能更高（+0.5 ± 0.4，92/8/0）。与 N 相比，H 后[HCO（3）]（-0.6 ± 0.8，5/13/83）、[La]（+0.2 ± 0.4，52/42/5）和 EPO（+0.2 ± 0.4，55/40/5）的变化至少更有可能增加，而 H 后中性粒细胞的变化可能更低（-0.5 ± 0.7，4/15/81）。H 后 20 米冲刺时间的变化（+0.20 ± 0.23，49/50/1）可能更低。Ln rMSSD（+0.2 ± 1.7，48/18/34）和跳跃（+0.3 ± 0.9，60/25/15）的变化无明显差异。总之，尽管 HHIT 被认为更难，但它不会导致高度训练的年轻运动员产生过度的生理压力。本研究结果还证实，HHIT 可能不是优化该人群跑步表现的心肺和神经肌肉决定因素的训练方法。
