Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012 Jan;33(1):5-11. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2936. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
The beginning of neuroradiology can be traced to the early 1900s with the use of skull radiographs. Ventriculography and pneumoencephalography were introduced in 1918 and 1919, respectively, and carotid angiography, in 1927. Technical advances were made in these procedures during the next 40 years that lead to improved diagnosis of intracranial pathology. Yet, they remained invasive procedures that were often uncomfortable and associated with significant morbidity. The introduction of CT in 1971 revolutionized neuroradiology. Ventriculography and pneumoencephalography were rendered obsolete. The imaging revolution continued with the advent of MR imaging in the early 1980s. Noninvasive angiographic techniques have curtailed the use of conventional angiography, and physiologic imaging gives us a window into the function of the brain. In this historical review, we will trace the origin and evolution of the advances that have led to the quicker, less invasive diagnosis and resulted in more rapid therapy and improved outcomes.
神经放射学的起源可以追溯到 20 世纪初，当时使用颅骨 X 光片。脑室造影和脑气造影分别于 1918 年和 1919 年引入，颈动脉造影于 1927 年引入。在接下来的 40 年中，这些程序取得了技术进步，从而改善了对颅内病变的诊断。然而，它们仍然是侵入性程序，常常令人不适，并伴有明显的发病率。1971 年 CT 的引入彻底改变了神经放射学。脑室造影和脑气造影已被淘汰。随着 20 世纪 80 年代磁共振成像的出现，成像革命仍在继续。非侵入性血管造影技术减少了常规血管造影的使用，生理成像使我们能够了解大脑的功能。在这篇历史综述中，我们将追溯导致更快、更少侵入性诊断的进步的起源和演变，并导致更快速的治疗和改善的结果。
