Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2012 Aug;90(8):865-75. doi: 10.1007/s00109-011-0840-5. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation followed by protein synthesis repression. Many miRNAs are expressed in a tissue- and/or cell-specific manner and their expression patterns are reflective of underlying patho-physiologic processes. miRNAs can be detected in serum or in plasma in a remarkably stable form, making them attractive biomarkers for human diseases. This review describes the progress of identifying circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for diverse cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetes, stroke, essential hypertension, and acute pulmonary embolism. In addition, the origin and function and the different strategies to identify circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases are also discussed. Rarely has an opportunity arisen to advance such new biology for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是一类新型的小、非编码、单链 RNA，通过翻译抑制或 mRNA 降解以及随后的蛋白质合成抑制来负调控基因表达。许多 miRNAs 以组织和/或细胞特异性的方式表达，其表达模式反映了潜在的病理生理过程。miRNAs 可以以一种非常稳定的形式在血清或血浆中被检测到，这使得它们成为人类疾病有吸引力的生物标志物。本综述描述了将循环 miRNAs 鉴定为多种心血管疾病（包括急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病、糖尿病、中风、原发性高血压和急性肺栓塞）新型生物标志物的进展。此外，还讨论了循环 miRNAs 作为心血管疾病新型生物标志物的来源、功能和不同识别策略。很少有机会为心脏病的诊断推进如此新的生物学。
