Geomatics Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
Sensors (Basel). 2010;10(12):10803-27. doi: 10.3390/s101210803. Epub 2010 Dec 2.
One of the most intricate branches of metrology involves the monitoring of displacements and deformations of natural and anthropogenic structures under environmental forces, such as tidal or tectonic phenomena, or ground water level changes. Technological progress has changed the measurement process, and steadily increasing accuracy requirements have led to the continued development of new measuring instruments. The adoption of an appropriate measurement strategy, with proper instruments suited for the characteristics of the observed structure and its environmental conditions, is of high priority in the planning of deformation monitoring processes. This paper describes the use of precise digital inclination sensors in continuous monitoring of structural deformations. The topic is treated from two viewpoints: (i) evaluation of the performance of inclination sensors by comparing them to static and continuous GPS observations in deformation monitoring and (ii) providing a strategy for analyzing the structural deformations. The movements of two case study objects, a tall building and a geodetic monument in Istanbul, were separately monitored using dual-axes micro-radian precision inclination sensors (inclinometers) and GPS. The time series of continuous deformation observations were analyzed using the Least Squares Spectral Analysis Technique (LSSA). Overall, the inclinometers showed good performance for continuous monitoring of structural displacements, even at the sub-millimeter level. Static GPS observations remained insufficient for resolving the deformations to the sub-centimeter level due to the errors that affect GPS signals. With the accuracy advantage of inclination sensors, their use with GPS provides more detailed investigation of deformation phenomena. Using inclinometers and GPS is helpful to be able to identify the components of structural responses to the natural forces as static, quasi-static, or resonant.
计量学中最复杂的分支之一涉及在环境力（如潮汐或构造现象或地下水位变化）作用下监测自然和人为结构的位移和变形。技术进步改变了测量过程，不断提高的精度要求导致了新测量仪器的持续发展。采用适当的测量策略，选择适合观测结构及其环境条件特点的适当仪器，是变形监测过程规划的重中之重。本文介绍了精密数字倾斜传感器在结构变形连续监测中的应用。该主题从两个角度进行了讨论：（i）通过将倾斜传感器与变形监测中的静态和连续 GPS 观测进行比较，评估倾斜传感器的性能；（ii）提供分析结构变形的策略。使用双轴微弧度精密倾斜传感器（倾斜仪）和 GPS 分别监测了伊斯坦布尔的两栋建筑物和一个大地测量纪念碑的运动。使用最小二乘谱分析技术（LSSA）分析了连续变形观测的时间序列。总体而言，倾斜仪在亚毫米级别的结构位移连续监测中表现良好。由于影响 GPS 信号的误差，静态 GPS 观测对于解析亚厘米级别的变形仍然不足。由于倾斜传感器的精度优势，将其与 GPS 一起使用可以更详细地研究变形现象。使用倾斜仪和 GPS 有助于识别结构对自然力的静态、准静态或共振响应的组成部分。
