Terrestrial Ecology and Sustainability Science and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Feb;1249:137-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06306.x. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) provides financial compensation to land owners who avoid converting standing forests to other land uses. In this paper, we review the main opportunities and challenges for REDD+ implementation, including expectations for REDD+ to deliver on multiple environmental and societal cobenefits. We also highlight a recent case study, the Norway-Indonesia REDD+ agreement and discuss how it might be a harbinger of outcomes in other forest-rich nations seeking REDD+ funds. Looking forward, we critically examine the fundamental assumptions of REDD+ as a solution for the atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gas emissions and tropical deforestation. We conclude that REDD+ is currently the most promising mechanism driving the conservation of tropical forests. Yet, to emerge as a true game changer, REDD+ must still demonstrate that it can access low transaction cost and high-volume carbon markets or funds, while also providing or complimenting a suite of nonmonetary incentives to encourage a developing nation's transition from forest losing to forest gaining, and align with, not undermine, a globally cohesive attempt to mitigate anthropogenic climate change.
减少森林砍伐和森林退化所致排放量（REDD+）为避免将现有森林转换为其他用途的土地所有者提供了资金补偿。本文综述了 REDD+实施的主要机遇和挑战，包括对 REDD+能带来多重环境和社会协同效益的期望。本文还突出了一个最近的案例研究，即挪威-印度尼西亚 REDD+协议，并讨论了它如何预示着其他寻求 REDD+资金的森林资源丰富国家的结果。展望未来，我们批判性地审视了 REDD+作为解决温室气体大气积累和热带森林砍伐问题的一种方案的基本假设。我们的结论是，REDD+ 目前是推动保护热带森林的最有希望的机制。然而，要成为真正的变革推动者，REDD+ 仍必须证明它能够进入低交易成本和高容量的碳市场或资金，同时提供或补充一系列非货币激励措施，以鼓励发展中国家从森林损失向森林增益过渡，并与全球协调一致的缓解人为气候变化的努力相一致，而不是破坏这种努力。
