Gottesmann Claude
Département de Biologie, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis Nice, France.
Front Neurol. 2011 Dec 12;2:81. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00081. eCollection 2011.
Noradrenaline, one of the main brain monoamines, has powerful central influences on forebrain neurobiological processes which support the mental activities occurring during the sleep-waking cycle. Noradrenergic neurons are activated during waking, decrease their firing rate during slow wave sleep, and become silent during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Although a low level of noradrenaline is still maintained during REM sleep because of diffuse extrasynaptic release without rapid withdrawal, the decrease observed during REM sleep contributes to the mentation disturbances that occur during dreaming, which principally resemble symptoms of schizophrenia but seemingly also of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
去甲肾上腺素是大脑主要单胺类物质之一，对前脑神经生物学过程具有强大的中枢影响，这些过程支持睡眠 - 清醒周期中发生的精神活动。去甲肾上腺素能神经元在清醒时被激活，在慢波睡眠期间放电频率降低，在快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间则停止活动。尽管在REM睡眠期间由于弥散性突触外释放且没有快速清除，去甲肾上腺素仍维持在较低水平，但REM睡眠期间观察到的去甲肾上腺素减少会导致梦境中出现的思维紊乱，这些紊乱主要类似于精神分裂症的症状，但似乎也与注意力缺陷多动障碍的症状相似。
