Jiang Ke-Yi, Wu Ming, Shao Xue-Xin
Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF; Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Hangzhou Bay, State Forestry Administration, Fuyang 311400, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2011 Dec;32(6):631-40. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.06631.
Waterbird surveys were conducted regularly in the Qiantangjiang River estuary and Hangzhou Bay from July 2007 to November 2011. A total of 128 species (nine orders and 18 families) were recorded, including 119 migrants which accounted for 93% of the total species; eleven species were listed as National Protected Species. Inter-specific correlation analysis for 13 shorebird populations and nine duck populations recorded over time found that 21 pairs of shorebirds and 23 pairs of ducks were correlated. By looking at seasonal dynamics and migration patterns we were able to divide the migration process into six stages: (1) late July to late September was the migration peak of shorebirds, which were dominated by Limosa limosa, Calidris ruficollis and Charadrius mongolus. (2) Early October to mid-December was the migration peak of wintering migrants of shorebirds and ducks, which were the first two large groups in our study areas. (3) Late December to mid-February was the wintering period of migration waterbirds. (4) Late February to late March was the peak migration of ducks and the winter migrants of shorebirds dominated by Calidris alpina. (5) Early April to mid-May was the migration peak of passage migrants such as, Calidris ruficollis, Calidris acuminate and Limosa limosa but the population size of shorebird winter migrants dominated by Calidris alpine was still larger than the former. (6) Late May to mid-July was the breeding season of all egrets, summer migrants of gulls and several species of shorebirds. Our surveys show that interaction among species is possibly an important determinant of community composition of shorebirds and wintering ducks during the migration season. It may be the geographical position and community composition of migrant shorebirds across Hangzhou Bay that mean during the northward migration there are far more shorebirds than during the southward migration.
2007年7月至2011年11月期间，我们定期在钱塘江入海口和杭州湾开展水鸟调查。共记录到128种水鸟（分属9目18科），其中包括119种候鸟，占水鸟总种类的93%；有11种被列为国家保护物种。对随时间记录的13种滨鸟种群和9种鸭类种群进行种间相关性分析发现，有21对滨鸟和23对鸭类存在相关性。通过观察季节性动态和迁徙模式，我们能够将迁徙过程分为六个阶段：（1）7月下旬至9月下旬是滨鸟的迁徙高峰期，主要以黑尾塍鹬、红颈滨鹬和蒙古沙鸻为主。（2）10月初至12月中旬是滨鸟和鸭类越冬候鸟的迁徙高峰期，它们是我们研究区域内的前两大群体。（3）12月下旬至2月中旬是迁徙水鸟的越冬期。（4）2月下旬至3月下旬是鸭类的迁徙高峰期以及以白腰滨鹬为主的滨鸟越冬候鸟的迁徙期。（5）4月初至5月中旬是诸如红颈滨鹬、尖尾滨鹬和黑尾塍鹬等旅鸟的迁徙高峰期，但以白腰滨鹬为主的滨鸟越冬候鸟的种群数量仍大于前者。（6）5月下旬至7月中旬是所有白鹭的繁殖季节、鸥类夏候鸟以及几种滨鸟的繁殖季节。我们的调查表明，物种间的相互作用可能是迁徙季节滨鸟和越冬鸭类群落组成的一个重要决定因素。可能是杭州湾沿岸候鸟的地理位置和群落组成导致在向北迁徙过程中的滨鸟数量远多于向南迁徙过程中的数量。
