Chen Jin-Yun, Zhou Li-Zhi, Zhou Bo, Xu Ren-Xin, Zhu Wen-Zhong, Xu Wen-Bin
Institute of Biodiversity and Wetland Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2011 Oct;32(5):540-8. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.05540.
The shallow lake wetlands in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain are important wintering and stopover habitats for migratory waterbirds on the East Asia-Australia Flyway. With increasing fishery practices in recent years, however, the wetlands have deteriorated significantly and now threaten wintering waterbirds. To gain insight into the influence of deteriorating wetlands on waterbirds, we conducted a survey of wintering waterbird species, population size, and distribution across 11 belt transects in Caizi Lake and Shengjin Lake, two shallow lakes along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from November 2007-April 2008 and from November 2008-April 2009, respectively. The impacts of different fishery patterns on the distribution of waterbirds were also analyzed. A total of 43 waterbirds species belong to 7 orders of 12 families were counted during the surveys, of which 38 were found in Caizi Lake with a density of 8.2 ind./hm(2), and 42 in Shengjin Lake with a density of 3.5 ind./hm(2). Geese (Anser cygnoides), bean geese (Anser fabalis), tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus), and dunlin (Calidris alpina) were the dominant species in the two shallow lakes. Species number and individual assemble reached maximum at the end of December and in early January of the following year, without coincidence of the largest flock for different ecological groups. Based on waterbird diversity across the 11 belt transects and the fishery patterns, habitats could be divided into three groups. Gruiformes, Anseriformes and Charadriiformes had relatively higher densities in the natural fishery zones and lower densities in the cage fishery zones; whereas, the density of Ardeidae showed little change across all lake zones. It is important to develop sustainable fishery patterns in shallow lakes along the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain to better protect resources of wintering waterbirds.
长江中下游平原的浅水湖泊湿地是东亚-澳大利亚候鸟迁徙路线上重要的越冬和中途停歇栖息地。然而，近年来随着渔业活动的增加，这些湿地已严重退化，如今对越冬水鸟构成了威胁。为深入了解湿地退化对水鸟的影响，我们分别于2007年11月至2008年4月以及2008年11月至2009年4月，对安徽省长江沿岸的两个浅水湖泊——菜子湖和升金湖的11条样带进行了越冬水鸟种类、种群数量及分布的调查。同时分析了不同渔业模式对水鸟分布的影响。调查期间共记录到43种水鸟，分属于12科7目，其中菜子湖发现38种，密度为8.2只/公顷，升金湖发现42种，密度为3.5只/公顷。鸿雁、豆雁、小天鹅和黑腹滨鹬是这两个浅水湖泊中的优势物种。物种数量和个体聚集在12月底和次年1月初达到最大值，不同生态类群的最大鸟群出现时间并不一致。根据11条样带的水鸟多样性和渔业模式，栖息地可分为三组。鹤形目、雁形目和鸻形目在自然渔业区密度相对较高，在网箱渔业区密度较低；而鹭科在所有湖区的密度变化不大。长江中下游平原浅水湖泊发展可持续渔业模式对于更好地保护越冬水鸟资源至关重要。
