Global Health Program, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, USA.
Vaccine. 2011 Dec 30;29 Suppl 4:D10-2. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.008. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
In 1966, the Centers for Disease Control began training medical officers and public health advisors for a program that would encompass 20 countries of West and Central Africa with the objective of eradicating smallpox and controlling measles. The program was funded by the US Agency for International Development with a target of smallpox eradication within 5 years and the immunization of children from 6 months to 6 years of age against measles in all areas of every country. The 40 plus field staff were directed by a Regional Office in Lagos, Nigeria and a headquarters group in Atlanta, Georgia. The teams greatly expanded the knowledge of smallpox epidemiology, helped to expand the capabilities of Ministries of Health, pioneered the use of jet injectors to provide millions of immunizations, and expanded the use of surveillance/containment to become a primary strategy for interrupting smallpox transmission. Smallpox transmission was interrupted in three and one half years, a year and a half before the time targeted and under budget. Measles transmission was interrupted in one country, The Gambia, and significantly reduced in the other 19 countries.
1966 年，疾病控制中心开始培训医学官员和公共卫生顾问，该计划将涵盖西非和中非的 20 个国家，目标是消灭天花并控制麻疹。该计划由美国国际开发署资助，目标是在 5 年内消灭天花，并在每个国家的所有地区为 6 个月至 6 岁的儿童接种麻疹疫苗。40 多名现场工作人员由尼日利亚拉各斯的一个区域办事处和佐治亚州亚特兰大的一个总部小组领导。这些团队极大地扩展了天花流行病学的知识，帮助扩大了卫生部的能力，开创了使用喷射注射器进行数百万次免疫接种的先河，并扩大了监测/遏制的使用，使之成为阻断天花传播的主要策略。天花传播在三年半的时间内被阻断，比预定目标提前了一年半，且预算也有所削减。在冈比亚，麻疹传播被阻断，在其他 19 个国家也显著减少。
