Johns Hopkins University, Center for Biosecurity, 621 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Vaccine. 2011 Dec 30;29 Suppl 4:D7-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.080. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
The 30th anniversary of the declaration of smallpox eradication is a propitious time to look back on the evolutionary history of the program, its execution, and its legacy for the future. The eradication of history's most feared disease culminated a decade-long World Health Organization campaign which began despite skepticism and doubt and succeeded despite a never ending array of obstacles occasioned by floods, civil war, famine, and bureaucratic inertia. New concepts in public health management, surveillance, and the application of large-scale programs for vaccination were fostered and matured. A new generation of young health workers emerged who applied new approaches and experienced the gratification of public health achievement. A definitive legacy for the future was the extension of the program into an "Expanded Program on Immunization", now functioning world-wide and resulting in dramatic improvements in health through control of vaccine-preventable diseases. No less important are the growing number of multi-national programs whose foundations rest on the development of active case surveillance to measure achievement and to guide progress - poliomyelitis, measles, guinea worm, and rubella.
天花根除 30 周年是回顾该计划的演变历史、执行情况及其为未来留下的遗产的大好时机。历史上最令人恐惧的疾病的根除结束了世界卫生组织长达 10 年的运动，该运动尽管遭到怀疑和质疑，但仍取得了成功，克服了洪水、内战、饥荒和官僚主义惰性等一系列永无止境的障碍。公共卫生管理、监测和大规模疫苗接种计划应用方面的新概念得到了培养和成熟。新一代年轻的卫生工作者应运而生，他们采用了新方法，并体验到了公共卫生成就带来的满足感。为未来留下的明确遗产是将该计划扩展为“扩大免疫规划”，现已在全球范围内运作，通过控制疫苗可预防疾病，显著改善了健康状况。同样重要的是，越来越多的跨国计划正在建立，其基础是建立主动病例监测，以衡量成就并指导进展——脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、麦地那龙线虫和风疹。
