Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
J Nutr. 2012 Feb;142(2):369-74. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149807. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
Low-glycemic load (GL) diets improve insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in individuals with diabetes. Less is known about whether low-GL diets, independent of weight loss, improve the health profile for persons without diabetes or other preexisting conditions. We conducted a randomized, cross-over feeding study testing low- compared to High-GL diets on biomarkers of inflammation and adiposity in healthy adults. Eighty participants (n = 40 with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²; n = 40 with BMI 28.0-40.0 kg/m²) completed two 28-d feeding periods in random order where one period was a high-GL diet (mean GL/d = 250) and the other a low-GL diet (mean GL/d = 125). Diets were isocaloric with identical macronutrient content (as percent energy). All food was provided and participants maintained weight and usual physical activity. Height, weight, and DXA were measured at study entry and weight assessed again thrice per week. Blood was drawn from fasting participants at the beginning and end of each feeding period and serum concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP, serum amyloid A, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin were measured. Linear mixed models tested the intervention effect on the biomarkers; models were adjusted for baseline biomarker concentrations, diet sequence, feeding period, age, sex, and body fat mass. Among participants with high-body fat mass (>32.0% for males and >25.0% for females), the low-GL diet reduced CRP (P = 0.02) and marginally increased adiponectin (P = 0.06). In conclusion, carbohydrate quality, independent of energy, is important. Dietary patterns emphasizing low-GL foods may improve the inflammatory and adipokine profiles of overweight and obese individuals.
低血糖负荷（GL）饮食可改善糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗和血糖稳态。但对于没有糖尿病或其他潜在疾病的人群，低 GL 饮食是否在不减轻体重的情况下改善健康状况，目前了解较少。我们进行了一项随机交叉喂养研究，以测试低 GL 饮食与高 GL 饮食对健康成年人炎症和肥胖标志物的影响。80 名参与者（n = 40，BMI 为 18.5-24.9 kg/m²；n = 40，BMI 为 28.0-40.0 kg/m²）按随机顺序完成了两个 28 天的喂养期，其中一个时期是高 GL 饮食（平均 GL/d = 250），另一个是低 GL 饮食（平均 GL/d = 125）。两种饮食的热量相同，宏量营养素含量（占能量百分比）相同。所有食物均提供，参与者保持体重和日常体力活动。在研究开始时和结束时测量身高、体重和 DXA，并每周称重三次。在每个喂养期开始和结束时从禁食参与者中抽取血液，并测量血清高敏 CRP、血清淀粉样蛋白 A、IL-6、瘦素和脂联素的浓度。线性混合模型测试了干预措施对生物标志物的影响；模型调整了基线生物标志物浓度、饮食顺序、喂养期、年龄、性别和体脂肪量。在体脂肪量较高的参与者（男性>32.0%，女性>25.0%）中，低 GL 饮食降低了 CRP（P = 0.02），并略微增加了脂联素（P = 0.06）。总之，碳水化合物的质量很重要。强调低 GL 食物的饮食模式可能改善超重和肥胖人群的炎症和脂肪因子谱。
