Kobayashi Hideyuki, Nagao Koichi, Nakajima Koichi
Department of Urology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
Adv Urol. 2012;2012:823582. doi: 10.1155/2012/823582. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
Male infertility problems can occur when sperms are limited in number or function. In this paper, we describe the clinical evaluation of male infertility. A detailed history, physical examination, and basic semen analysis are required. In addition, ultrasound, karyotyping, and hormonal studies are needed to determine specific causes of infertility. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2009) has developed a manual to provide guidance in performing a comprehensive semen analysis. Among the possible reasons for male infertility, nonobstructive azoospermia is the least treatable, because few or no mature sperm may be produced. In many cases, men with nonobstructive azoospermia typically have small-volume testes and elevated FSH. Although treatment may not completely restore the quality of semen from men with subnormal fertility, in some cases a successful pregnancy can still be achieved through assisted reproductive technology.
当精子数量或功能受限的时候，男性不育问题就可能出现。在本文中，我们描述了男性不育的临床评估。需要详细的病史、体格检查和基本精液分析。此外，还需要超声、染色体核型分析和激素研究来确定不育的具体原因。此外，世界卫生组织（WHO，2009年）编写了一本手册，为进行全面精液分析提供指导。在男性不育的可能原因中，非梗阻性无精子症是最难治疗的，因为可能很少或根本没有产生成熟精子。在许多情况下，患有非梗阻性无精子症的男性通常睾丸体积小且促卵泡激素升高。尽管治疗可能无法完全恢复生育能力低下男性的精液质量，但在某些情况下，通过辅助生殖技术仍可成功受孕。
